Nucleation and growth of copper under combined charge transfer and diffusion limitations: Part I

Nucleation and growth of copper under combined charge transfer and diffusion limitations—Part II

“…However, their experiments were carried out at lower temperatures: T = 296 K [8] and T = 298 K [9]. The theoretical model developed in [1] to describe the initial stage of copper electrodeposition was based on the assumption that the process of metal ions discharge included an electrochemical reaction of the type: taking place prior to and simultaneously with the nucleus formation. Reaction (4) was considered to be either an ion transfer or a Marcus-type electron transfer reaction and in both cases the current due to this reaction was expressed as…”

“…In Part I of this study [1] we presented experimental data for the nucleation and growth of copper crystals electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode. Potentiostatic current transients were recorded within the overpotential interval 0.064-0.124 V and were interpreted on the basis of a theoretical model of progressive nucleation and growth under combined charge transfer and diffusion limitations [2].…”

“…The analysis of experimental data showed that reaction (1) should be considered as a Marcus-type electron transfer reaction. Although the theoretical model developed in [1] described well the "current-time" relationships at short time, direct information was obtained only on the electron transfer coefficient α and on the overpotential dependence of the saturation nucleus density N s . The latter was determined by observing microscopically the electrode surface at long times when copper crystals have grown sufficiently large.…”

“…Independent information on the diffusion coefficient D of copper ions is obtained by analyzing the Cottrell behavior of current transients recorded at sufficiently high overpotentials. Having determined separately the values of I st and D, the exchange current density i 0 is evaluated by means of the theoretical model developed in [1]. …”

Nucleation phenomena in electrochemical systems: kinetic models

“…Fig. 2 a Ag 7 NO 11 crystals [13] and b copper crystals [14] electrochemically deposited on a mechanically polished glassy carbon electrode. Magnification 500X The considerations performed thus far clearly show that the supersaturation dependence of the stationary nucleation rate I st can be schematically presented by the line shown in Fig.…”