Nucleation and growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles in low temperature colloidal process

Green synthesis of tunable Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 nanoparticles using non-organic solvents

“…23, 24 Panthani et al reported CIGS nanoparticle with diameter size of 10-25 nm following a size selection step. 25 This size selection step requires a large volume of different organic solvents.…”

Characteristics of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films deposited by a direct solution coating process

“…In this regard, many efforts have been devoted to develop alternative deposition techniques for thin film CIGS solar cells using non-vacuum coating processes [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], based on their inherent advantages such as no requirement of expensive vacuum equipments, less energy intensive deposition and much better material utilization. These non-vacuum coating processes can be roughly divided into two categories depending on precursor types, in which the first approach uses the true solution precursors [3][4][5][6][7] and the other uses particulate precursors [2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…These non-vacuum coating processes can be roughly divided into two categories depending on precursor types, in which the first approach uses the true solution precursors [3][4][5][6][7] and the other uses particulate precursors [2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Potential of the solution precursor approach as a more cost-effective method than the particle-based one was demonstrated previously [7], in that the solution precursors with proper rheology can be directly coated on a substrate and hence the number of processing steps can be reduced.…”

Phase evolution of CIGS alloyed compound synthesis by direct melting method

“…The synthesis of CIGS nanoparticles by a solvothermal route has been reported [1e4], but this process involves many steps. SeJin Ahn et al [5], reported the synthesis of CIGS nanoparticle using a low temperature colloidal process. However, this process employed Na 2 Se as one of the starting materials, which is highly toxic.…”