Nucleation: theory and experiment

Anisimov, M. A.

doi:10.1070/rc2003v072n07abeh000761

Cited by 85 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Thus ΔG * can be reduced by reducing the interfacial tension through the control of the pH, ionic strength or concentration of the solution [56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing effect on the optical and solid state properties of cupric oxide thin films deposited using the Aqueous Chemical Growth (ACG) method

Mammah¹,

Opara²,

Omubo-Pepple³

et al. 2013

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Thin films of CuO having an average thickness of 720 nm were deposited on clean glass substrates using the Aqueous Chemical Growth (ACG) method with Cu(NO 3 ) 2 and C 6 H 12 N 4 as precursors and annealed at different temperatures in order to determine the effect of annealing temperature on their optical and solid state properties. The study was carried out using Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) spectroscopy for t thickness and chemical composition, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic structure and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer for spectral analysis. The results indicate that the absorbance and absorption/extinction coefficient of the films vary inversely with annealing temperature while the transmittance, reflectance, direct band gap, real/imaginary dielectric constants and refractive index vary directly with annealing temperature. The results further indicate an improvement in crystallinity as annealing temperature increases. The as-deposited and annealed ACG CuO thin films were found to be suitable for use as window layer in solar cells among other electronic and optoelectronic applications.

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“…Thus ΔG * can be reduced by reducing the interfacial tension through the control of the pH, ionic strength or concentration of the solution [56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing effect on the optical and solid state properties of cupric oxide thin films deposited using the Aqueous Chemical Growth (ACG) method

Mammah¹,

Opara²,

Omubo-Pepple³

et al. 2013

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“…Anisimov andVershinin (1988, 1990) experimentally found a positive gas-pressure effect and a gas-composition effect at gas pressures from 0.10 to 0.30 MPa. They concluded on the basis of the ideal solution approximation (known now as the nucleation theorem) that carrier gas molecules were involved in the critical embryos.…”

Section: Fig 8 A-criterion Application For Publishedmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The theoretical results look quite reasonable for sufficiently low vapor nucleation rates where the droplet approximation is applicable (Anisimov, 2003). However, these approaches have problems at the nanometer scale when the critical embryos contain of the order of 200 or less molecules (atoms).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Vapor–gas/liquid nucleation experiments: A review of the challenges

Anisimov

Fominykh

Akimov

et al. 2009

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…The increase in the nucleation rate with an increase in the decomposition temperature seems natural since the process is accompanied by an increase in the partial contents of the components and, as a result, in the partial supersaturations of the components at a constant nucleation temperature. As is known even from the simplest nucleation theory [8], this always leads to an increase in the nucleation rate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In our study, we are evidently dealing with multichannel nucleation [8]. Each channel should be characterized by its own nucleation volume.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Nanoaerosols from the Products of Thermal Decomposition of Polytetrafluoroethylene

Anisimov¹,

Baklanov

Onishchuk

et al. 2005

Dokl Phys Chem

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Quantitative studies of the kinetics of formation of aerosols from the products of polymer pyrolysis are currently at an early stage, although the nature of this phenomenon is of interest for basic and applied research. A major reason for this situation is that the experimental technique of quantitative measurements of aerosol formation rates is applicable only to singlecomponent and binary vapors, while the products of thermal decomposition of polymers cannot be classified with these systems. Moreover, they are characterized by a rather indefinite composition.In this work, we measured for the first time the overall rate of aerosol formation through nucleation in the products of thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene.Different aspects of the thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been studied (see, e.g., [1][2][3]). PTFE is stable almost up to 300°C and softens above this temperature. Its long-term exposure to higher temperatures results in noticeable destruction; in particular, at about 800°C , the thermal decomposition of PTFE leads to the C 2 F 4 monomer in 97% yield [3].The unique properties of PTFE account for its wide practical use. The methods of depositing and studying the coatings, in which heterogeneous nucleation takes place, were briefly surveyed in [4]. No information on aerosol formation in the products of thermal decomposition of PTFE is available, although dispersed powders obtained by thermal decomposition of PTFE have found significant practical use [5].The mean rates of formation of aerosols from the products of thermal decomposition of PTFE were measured with the use of a flow diffusion chamber, whose schematic diagram was described elsewhere [6]. In our studies, the main part of the chamber was a quartz tube 140 cm long with an inner diameter of 1.2 cm. The tube was divided into sections. In the first section, a PTFE sample placed in a quartz spoon was thermally decomposed. The decomposition products were transported by an argon flow into the second section, which was designed to obtain a developed laminar gas flow. To avoid aerosol formation, the temperature in the second section was 10-20°ë higher than in the first section. The temperature variation along the section length was no more than 2 K. In the third section, the flow was cooled, which led to its supersaturation and provided conditions for aerosol generation. A decreased temperature in the range 10-80°ë was maintained in the third section by means of a liquid circulator.Currently, there is still no way to separate a complicated combination of mechanisms of nanoaerosol generation; therefore, we measured the mean nucleation rate for all possible nucleation channels. Temperatures were measured with calibrated Chromel/Alumel thermocouples. High-purity argon (99.998%) was used as a carrier gas. The volumetric flow rate of the gas through the diffusion chamber was maintained at 5.0 ± 0.2 cm 3 s -1 (under normal conditions). All aerosol experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure.The products of pyrol...

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Nucleation: theory and experiment

Cited by 85 publications

References 161 publications

Annealing effect on the optical and solid state properties of cupric oxide thin films deposited using the Aqueous Chemical Growth (ACG) method

Annealing effect on the optical and solid state properties of cupric oxide thin films deposited using the Aqueous Chemical Growth (ACG) method

Vapor–gas/liquid nucleation experiments: A review of the challenges

Generation of Nanoaerosols from the Products of Thermal Decomposition of Polytetrafluoroethylene

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