Nucleation triggering methods in supercooled phase change materials (PCM), a review

Beaupere, Noé; Soupremanien, Ulrich; Zalewski, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2018.10.009

Cited by 191 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Crystals were formed generally at a temperature gap (FG) to the solubility curve, which is known as supercooling behavior of crystal formation. This temperature gap (FG), difference between the true melting point temperature and the temperature (below true melting point temperature) at which salt crystals formed, or delta T is the supercooling temperature 26,27 …”

Section: Mechanism Of Heat Transition In Salt Hydrates During the Phamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other methods such as application of agitation, mechanical shock, electro freezing, high pressure, or ultrasonic waves were also reported to be effective. A review on the supercooling phenomenon for PCMs with its detail theory and factors by which these can be eliminated or reduced were available 27,26 . Beaupere et al 27 listed various nucleating agents for salt hydrates (CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O, CH 3 COONa·3H 2 O, KF·4H 2 O, LiNO 3 ·3H 2 O, MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O, Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O, and Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O) and summarized their effect on latent heat, supercooling of PCMs.…”

Section: Problems and Possible Solutions For Salt Hydrates For Tes Symentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review on the supercooling phenomenon for PCMs with its detail theory and factors by which these can be eliminated or reduced were available 27,26 . Beaupere et al 27 listed various nucleating agents for salt hydrates (CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O, CH 3 COONa·3H 2 O, KF·4H 2 O, LiNO 3 ·3H 2 O, MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O, Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O, and Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O) and summarized their effect on latent heat, supercooling of PCMs. Ushak et al 38 summarized, the effect of various nanoparticles for improving low thermal conductivity and high subcooling degree of a wide range of salt hydrates.…”

Section: Problems and Possible Solutions For Salt Hydrates For Tes Symentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic salt hydrate for thermal energy storage application: A review

Purohit

Sistla

2020

Energy Storage

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Salt hydrates are one of the most common inorganic compounds that are used as phase change material (PCM). These are available for a wide range of phase transition temperature for thermal energy storage (TES) application. They have some most desired properties for TES applications like high latent heat value, good thermal conductivity, nonexpensive, and were nonflammable. Besides these, due to the undesirable properties like phase segregation, supercooling, and corrosion to the containers, this PCM not recommended for TES application. To mitigate these issues and to make salt hydrates suitable in TES application, much research has been carried out in past years. This main highlight of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of salt hydrates, their applications and summarize the research outcomes reported by various researchers to every issue for its TES application. This summarized information will be useful to those who are interested to work on this research area. Along with this literature focuses on the advantages, disadvantages, and mechanism of salt hydrates for TES system during its thermal cycle process.

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Section: Mechanism Of Heat Transition In Salt Hydrates During the Phamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problems and Possible Solutions For Salt Hydrates For Tes Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problems and Possible Solutions For Salt Hydrates For Tes Symentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic salt hydrate for thermal energy storage application: A review

Purohit

Sistla

2020

Energy Storage

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“…Unfortunately, SAT suffers from large supercooling, which results in unpredictable crystallization that prevents stored heat from being released at phase change temperature during the cooling process [21,22]. Hence, considerable efforts have been made to overcome this shortcoming in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Mechanism of Latent Heat Reduction of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Phase Change Materials

Wang

et al. 2020

Materials

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Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) phase change material (PCM) has been well known for thermal energy storage due to its high latent heat and resource abundance. However, SAT suffers from severe latent heat reduction after heating and cooling cycles. Although a few of previous researches showed the reduction could be effectively inhibited by using thickeners, the mechanisms of the reduction process and thickeners’ inhibition have not been deeply explored till now. In this work, SAT modified by 5 wt.% nucleating agent of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (SAT/5 wt.% DSP) was prepared and 200 thermal cycles were carried out. The differential scanning calorimeter, Rheometer, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscope were used to investigate the extent of latent heat reduction, viscosity, phase composition and microstructure, respectively, and the infrared thermal imaging method was used to evaluate heat storage capacity. It was found that the latent heat of SAT/5 wt.% DSP dropped dramatically and the relative decrease in latent heat was measured to be 22.44%. The lower layer of SAT/5 wt.% DSP contained 24.1 wt.% CH3COONa, which was quantitatively consistent with the reduction extent. Furthermore, the phase change endothermic time of the lower layer was only 44.1% of that of the upper. SAT/5 wt.% DSP was further modified by 3 wt.% thickener of carboxymethyl cellulose (SAT/5 wt.% DSP/3 wt.% CMC) and endured 200 thermal cycles. The extent of the latent heat reduction of SAT/5 wt.% DSP/3 wt.% CMC was only 9.29%, and phase compositions were more homogeneous. The 3 wt.% CMC increased viscosity by 14 times, which effectively prevented the Stokes sedimentation velocity of CH3COONa in melts and inhibited the final macroscopic phase separation.

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“…A common way to initiate the solidification process and reduce the supercooling of PCMs, and in particular, a salt hydrate, from the solution is by seeding or adding an appropriate nucleating agent, usually in the form of nanoparticle powders, to form a stable suspension with the salt hydrate solution [12]. Lane [13] reported that the choice of the nucleating agent is usually by trial and error, guided by intuition or experience, and by using the chemical dopants which are ready in stock and on a laboratory shelf.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrofreezing of the phase-change material CaCl2•6H2O and its impact on supercooling and the nucleation time

Sutjahja

Rahman

Putri

et al. 2019

Hem Ind

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This paper reports electrofreezing experiments on the inorganic phase-change material (PCM) CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O by using an insulated copper electrode that is commonly sold in the market. The effect of the applied voltage or electric field to the nucleation process is measured by the nucleation temperature, freezing temperature, supercooling degree, induction time, time for supercooling, and time for crystallisation. It is found that, compared to the zero field, the freezing temperature remains nearly constant while the nucleation temperature increases with increasing applied field, leading to a reduction in the supercooling degree. The decrease in the supercooling degree is approximately 6 K for an applied voltage of V = 5.0 kV or E = 10 7 V m -1 . With the increase in the applied field the induction time decreased considerably along with reduction of the measured data spread as compared to the no-voltage case, while the crystallisation time for the phase transformation prolonged. The overall phenomena are analysed in terms of modification of the Gibbs free energy for crystallisation owing to the applied field, with the mechanism involving bubble generation and formation of a copper-chloride complex. 364A common way to initiate the solidification process and reduce the supercooling of PCMs, and in particular, a salt hydrate, from the solution is by seeding or adding an appropriate nucleating agent, usually in the form of nanoparticle powders, to form a stable suspension with the salt hydrate solution [12]. Lane [13] reported that the choice of the nucleating agent is usually by trial and error, guided by intuition or experience, and by using the chemical dopants which are ready in stock and on a laboratory shelf. From the crystallographic perspective, the nucleators of CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O are classified as isomorphic and non-isostructural nucleators [13]. In general, the nucleator can impact the change in thermophysical parameters, such as the supercooling temperature, supercooling degree, specific heat, and the latent heat enthalpy. Recently, Sutjahja et al. [14] reported the effectiveness of 1 wt% CuO to reduce the supercooling degree and further modify the thermal parameters of CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O by graphite and CuO dopants, although logical explanations for their effectiveness apparent do not exist.The effect of electrical energy on the behaviour of supercooled fluids has been studied since two decades ago [15][16] and is commonly called electrofreezing or electronucleation; see [17][18][19] for the review and references therein. In most of the past experiments water droplets were mainly exposed to high-voltage electric fields, with the success expressed by higher nucleation temperatures, reduction in the supercooling degree, lowering the induction times, and increased nucleation probability. Recently, the effectiveness of electrofreezing has also been reported for some other materials, such as erythritol polyalcohol [20], tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) clathrate hydrates [21][22], tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate ...

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Nucleation triggering methods in supercooled phase change materials (PCM), a review

Cited by 191 publications

References 146 publications

Inorganic salt hydrate for thermal energy storage application: A review

Inorganic salt hydrate for thermal energy storage application: A review

Experimental Investigation on Mechanism of Latent Heat Reduction of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Phase Change Materials

Electrofreezing of the phase-change material CaCl2•6H2O and its impact on supercooling and the nucleation time

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