Nucleic Acid Aptamer-Based Biosensors: A Review

Abstract

Aptamers, short strands of either DNA, RNA, or peptides, known for their exceptional specificity and high binding affinity to target molecules, are providing significant advancements in the field of health. When seamlessly integrated into biosensor platforms, aptamers give rise to aptasensors, unlocking a new dimension in point-of-care diagnostics with rapid response times and remarkable versatility. As such, this review aims to present an overview of the distinct advantages conferred by aptamers over traditional antibodies as the molecular recognition element in biosensors. Additionally, it delves into the realm of specific aptamers made for the detection of biomarkers associated with infectious diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolomic and neurological disorders. The review further elucidates the varying binding assays and transducer techniques that support the development of aptasensors. Ultimately, this review discusses the current state of point-of-care diagnostics facilitated by aptasensors and underscores the immense potential of these technologies in advancing the landscape of healthcare delivery.

Review—Aptamers and Biomimetic Receptors in Biosensing: Innovations and Applications

“…154 Aptamer-based biosensors are used in clinical diagnostics 155,156 to identify therapeutic medication levels in patient samples, guaranteeing appropriate dosage and effective treatment. 157 Pharmacological analysis is made easier by biomimetic receptors, especially MIPs, which guarantee the quality and purity of drug formulations. MIPs are used to extract active pharmacological ingredients (APIs) from complicated matrices in a selective manner.…”

Aptamers for the Delivery of Plant-Based Compounds: A Review

“…The ease of engineering and customization further enhances their adaptability across various domains [ 71 ]. These versatility and cost-effective synthesis methods position aptamers as valuable tools in biomedical diagnostics, therapeutics, and diverse scientific disciplines, contributing to their widespread impact [ 72 ].…”

Dual-Modal Aptasensor for Sensitive Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Exosomes Utilizing Two-Dimensional Nanopaper Co@g-C3N4@PB

“…Nucleic acid aptamers refer to a class of single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotide sequences that can be rapidly synthesized in vitro and possess specific binding capabilities to target molecules . The previous research reported the detection of an aptasensor for exosome electrochemical or fluorescence analysis methods.…”