Nucleic Acid Photolysis by UV<sub>254</sub> and the Impact of Virus Encapsidation

Zhong, Qiao; Ye, Yinyin; Chang, Pin Hsuan; Thirunarayanan, Devibaghya; Wigginton, Krista

doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02308

Cited by 51 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…UV irradiation of the RNA aptamers studied here is consistent with both the known increased susceptibility of single‐stranded regions to damage and the sensitivity of damage rates to precise molecular context . Although we studied exposure under total photon fluences similar to those of the surface of the early Earth, the spectrum was limited (258–274 nm), giving a relatively high intensity in a narrow range compared to the sun.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…A possible explanation could be that a particular lesion at a critical site causes loss of fluorescence, but this site is protected if a different lesion occurs first; alternatively, there might exist an equilibrium with self‐repair at the critical site of damage. Interestingly, although ssRNA and dsRNA are known to exhibit different rates of damage accumulation, denatured MG aptamer exhibited a similar loss of activity to folded MG aptamer. The damage in the dye‐binding pocket might or might not also affect its local structural stability (measured by T t ), depending on the aptamer, and the stability of the overall secondary structure (measured by T m ) did not appear to be sensitive to UV exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another difference found was that dimers predominate among chemical lesions in the presence of Mg 2+ , whereas hydrates predominate without it . A designed series of hairpin oligonucleotides illustrated the sometimes surprising sensitivity to structure and conformation, as well as the increased UV hardiness of A‐form RNA compared to B‐form DNA; this has also been observed in a comparison of viral genomes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of UV Radiation on Fluorescent RNA Aptamers’ Functional and Templating Ability

Saha

Chen

2019

ChemBioChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation was likely to be an important selection pressure during the origin of life. RNA is believed to have been central to the origin of life and might form the basis for simple synthetic cells. Although photodamage of DNA has been extensively studied, photodamage is highly dependent on local molecular context, and damage to functional RNAs has been relatively under‐studied. We irradiated two fluorescent RNA aptamers and monitored the loss of activity, folding, and the kinetics of lesion accumulation. The loss of activity differed depending on the aptamer, with the Spinach2 aptamer retaining substantial activity after long exposure times. The binding pocket was particularly susceptible to damage, and melting of the duplex regions increased susceptibility; this is consistent with the view that duplex formation is protective. At the same time, susceptibility varied greatly depending on context, thus emphasizing the importance of studying many different RNAs to understand UV hardiness.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of UV Radiation on Fluorescent RNA Aptamers’ Functional and Templating Ability

Saha

Chen

2019

ChemBioChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…UV254 inactivates by primarily targeting viral genetic material, and the different biochemical structures associated with these viral genome types result in distinct sensitivities to UV254 (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive modeling of virus inactivation by UV

Rockey

Henderson

Chin

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disinfection strategies are commonly applied to inactivate pathogenic viruses in water, food, air, and on surfaces to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Determining how quickly viruses are inactivated to mitigate health risks is not always feasible due to biosafety restrictions or difficulties with virus culturability. Therefore, methods that would rapidly predict kinetics of virus inactivation by UV254 would be valuable, particularly for emerging and difficult-to-culture viruses. We conducted a rapid systematic literature review to collect high-quality inactivation rate constants for a wide range of viruses. Using these data and basic virus information (e.g., genome sequence attributes), we developed and evaluated four different model classes, including linear and non-linear approaches, to find the top performing prediction model. For both the (+) ssRNA and dsDNA virus types, multiple linear regressions were the top performing model classes. In both cases, the cross-validated root mean squared relative prediction errors were similar to those associated with experimental rate constants. We tested the models by predicting and measuring inactivation rate constants for two viruses that were not identified in our systematic review, including a (+) ssRNA mouse coronavirus and a dsDNA marine bacteriophage; the predicted rate constants were within 7% and 71% of the experimental rate constants, respectively. Finally, we applied our models to predict the UV254 rate constants of several viruses for which high-quality UV254 inactivation data are not available. Our models will be valuable for predicting inactivation kinetics of emerging or difficult-to-culture viruses.

show abstract

“…Medium-pressure UV disinfection uses more energy than low-pressure UV disinfection, but medium-pressure UV irradiation has shown more-promising outcomes in the inactivation of adenovirus and bacteriophage MS2 (16)(17)(18). Most studies have focused on adenovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus that infects humans, or MS2, a single-stranded RNA bacteriophage that is used as a surrogate for enteric RNA viruses (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). The general knowledge obtained from these studies is that the 220-nm wavelength in medium-pressure UV is more effective at viral inactivation than the 254-nm wavelength in low-pressure UV (16)(17)(18) and that double-stranded DNA or RNA bacteriophages are more resistant than single-stranded DNA or RNA bacteriophages (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Inactivation of Rotavirus and Tulane Virus Targets Different Components of the Virions

Araud

Fuzawa

Shisler

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enteric viruses are shed in fecal material by humans and other animals and are common contaminants in wastewater and surface water. Wastewater treatment plants often disinfect this effluent with low-pressure and medium-pressure UV lamps, which emit 254-nm and 220- to 280-nm irradiation, respectively. It is not known whether this treatment is efficacious against enteric viruses or how such treatments may inactivate these enteric viruses. This study examined UV disinfection for two enteric viruses: rotavirus (RV) (strain OSU with double-stranded RNA and a three-layer capsid) and Tulane virus (TV) (a cultivable surrogate for human norovirus with single-stranded RNA and a single-layer capsid). Viruses were treated with UV irradiation at 220 or 254 nm under conditions relevant to wastewater stabilization ponds, whose water is often used for irrigation. TV was susceptible to 220- or 254-nm UV at similar levels. It appears that UV irradiation inactivated TV by mutagenizing both its genome and capsid binding proteins. RV was more susceptible to UV at 220 nm than to UV at 254 nm. UV irradiation of RV at either 220 or 254 nm resulted in a virus that retained its ability to bind to its host cell receptor. After 220-nm treatment, the VP7 segment of the RV genome could not be amplified by PCR, suggesting that this treatment mutagenized the viral genome. However, this correlation was not observed when UV at 254 nm was used. Thus, RV and TV, with different genome and capsid contents, are targeted by UV irradiation in different ways. IMPORTANCE UV irradiation is becoming common for disinfection in water treatment plants, but little is known about the effectiveness of this treatment for enteric RNA viruses. Here, we observed that 220-nm UV irradiation was efficacious against rotavirus (RV) and Tulane virus (TV). UV irradiation at 254 nm inactivated TV to a greater extent than RV. Additional assays showed that UV irradiation compromised different portions of the RV and TV life cycles. UV irradiation decreased the binding of TV to its host receptor and mutagenized the TV genome. UV irradiation at 220 nm appeared to allow RV–host receptor interaction but halted RV genome replication. These findings provide knowledge about the disinfection of waterborne viruses, information that is important for the safe reuse or release of treated wastewater.

show abstract

Nucleic Acid Photolysis by UV₂₅₄ and the Impact of Virus Encapsidation

Cited by 51 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of UV Radiation on Fluorescent RNA Aptamers’ Functional and Templating Ability

Effect of UV Radiation on Fluorescent RNA Aptamers’ Functional and Templating Ability

Predictive modeling of virus inactivation by UV

UV Inactivation of Rotavirus and Tulane Virus Targets Different Components of the Virions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nucleic Acid Photolysis by UV254 and the Impact of Virus Encapsidation

Cited by 51 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of UV Radiation on Fluorescent RNA Aptamers’ Functional and Templating Ability

Effect of UV Radiation on Fluorescent RNA Aptamers’ Functional and Templating Ability

Predictive modeling of virus inactivation by UV

UV Inactivation of Rotavirus and Tulane Virus Targets Different Components of the Virions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nucleic Acid Photolysis by UV₂₅₄ and the Impact of Virus Encapsidation