Nucleolar Cycle and Its Correlation with Chromatoid Bodies in the Tilapia rendalli (Teleostei, Cichlidae) Spermatogenesis

Abstract

The aim of this study was: (1) to monitor the nucleolar material distribution using cytological and cytochemical techniques and ultrastructural analysis; and (2) to compare the nucleolar material distribution with the formation of the chromatoid body (CB) in the germ epithelium of Tilapia rendalli. Nucleolar fragmentation occurred during the leptotene of prophase I and nucleolus reorganization occurred in the early spermatid nucleus. The area of the early spermatid nucleolus was significantly smaller than that of the spermatogonia nucleolus. Ultrastructural analysis showed an accumulation of nuages, which form the CB, before nucleolar fragmentation in the spermatogonia cytoplasm. The CB was observed in association with mitochondrial clusters in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes, as well as in those of initial and later spermatids. In conclusion, the nucleolus seems to be related to CB formation during spermatogenesis of T. rendalli, because at the moment of nucleolus fragmentation in the primary spermatocytes, the CB reaches its largest area and it is able to complete important functions during spermatogenesis. The reorganized nucleolus of the initial spermatids has a lower area due several factors, one of which is the probable migration of nucleolar fragments from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, therefore playing a role in CB formation. Anat Rec,

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“…Testicular ALP, meanwhile, is an important enzyme that is directly involved in the movement and distribution of substances needed for steroidogenesis. In this study, the increased activity of testicular ALP in extract-treated animals may indicate an ability of the extract to promote steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, as it provides a supply of essential biosynthetic materials and nutrients to Sertoli cells and germ cells [40], [41]. Furthermore, GGT plays a role in spermatogenic cells and promotes sperm maturation [3].…”

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“…Testicular activities of ALP, ACP G6PD, and LDH are associated with spermatogenesis and serves as testicular, and spermatogonia cell function biomarkers, and survival (Elsharkawy et al., 2019). Reduction in testicular acid phosphatase (ALP and ACP) in rats treated with TAM alone adversely affect steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis (Owumi, Ochaoga et al, 2019; Peruquetti et al., 2010), while decreases in LDH and G6PD activities could affect the pathway of lactate uptake and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, respectively, in spermatogenic cells utilizing these precursor materials. ALP, ACP G6PD, and LDH activities were significantly restored resulting from CGA co‐treatment suggestive of CGA’s protective effect on germ cell and lessening TAM‐induced toxicities.…”

Morphological Changes of Mammalian Nucleoli during Spermatogenesis and Their Possible Role in the Chromatoid Body Assembling

“…The phenomenon of nucleolar fragmentation during prophase I and its subsequent reorganization after meiosis completion have been described in detail over the past two decades (e.g., [17,18,[51][52][53]). A decrease in the amount of C23 protein, which is responsible for rRNA transcription, and a decrease in the amount of B23 protein, which is responsible for rRNA splicing, were also observed in the nucleoli of both primary spermatocytes and round spermatids [54].…”

“…Initial CB assembling was only observed in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes, after the completion of the nucleolar fragmentation ( Figure 4). It has been described in the literature that the CB assembling often takes place after the nucleolar fragmentation [17,18,45,52,65], which strongly increase the correlation between both biological process. Mature CBs were observed isolated or associated with mitochondria in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes (Figures 4 and 5).…”