Nucleolar localization of non-structural protein 3b, a protein specifically encoded by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Yuan, Xian‐You; Yao, Zhenyu; Shan, Ya-Jun; Chen, Bo; Yang, Zaixing; Wu, Jie; Zhao, Zuohui; Chen, Jiapei; Cong, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.06.001

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As noted above, N protein–recruited DDX1 functions in the RTC in facilitating TRS read-through and synthesis of long sgmRNAs (34). The 3b proteins of IBV (74) and SARS-CoV (75, 76), though different in nature, have also been located in part in the nuclei of transfected or infected cells. Following nuclear localization, SARS-CoV 3b protein traffics to the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it inhibits the induction of type 1 interferon (IFN) elicited by RIG-I and the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (77).…”

Section: Relevance Of the Cell Nucleus In Coronavirus Rna Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous and Discontinuous RNA Synthesis in Coronaviruses

et al. 2015

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Replication of the coronavirus genome requires continuous RNA synthesis, whereas transcription is a discontinuous process unique among RNA viruses. Transcription includes a template switch during the synthesis of subgenomic negative-strand RNAs to add a copy of the leader sequence. Coronavirus transcription is regulated by multiple factors, including the extent of base-pairing between transcription-regulating sequences of positive and negative polarity, viral and cell protein–RNA binding, and high-order RNA-RNA interactions. Coronavirus RNA synthesis is performed by a replication-transcription complex that includes viral and cell proteins that recognize cis-acting RNA elements mainly located in the highly structured 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions. In addition to many viral nonstructural proteins, the presence of cell nuclear proteins and the viral nucleocapsid protein increases virus amplification efficacy. Coronavirus RNA synthesis is connected with the formation of double-membrane vesicles and convoluted membranes. Coronaviruses encode proofreading machinery, unique in the RNA virus world, to ensure the maintenance of their large genome size.

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Section: Relevance Of the Cell Nucleus In Coronavirus Rna Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous and Discontinuous RNA Synthesis in Coronaviruses

et al. 2015

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“…SARS-CoV ORF3b has been described as a multi-localized protein due to its shuttling behavior [63]. Although the protein initially accumulates in the nucleolus [64], it subsequently translocates to the outer membrane of mitochondria [63,65]. Nuclear export of other accessory proteins, namely SARS-CoV ORF9b, has also been previously reported [66] but how this spatio-temporal distribution impacts on ORF3b behavior and function is still unclear [67].…”

Section: Sars Accessory Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus Accessory Proteins in Virus Pathogenesis

McBride

Fielding

2012

Viruses

137

150

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A respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, termed the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), was first reported in China in late 2002. The subsequent efficient human-to-human transmission of this virus eventually affected more than 30 countries worldwide, resulting in a mortality rate of ~10% of infected individuals. The spread of the virus was ultimately controlled by isolation of infected individuals and there has been no infections reported since April 2004. However, the natural reservoir of the virus was never identified and it is not known if this virus will re-emerge and, therefore, research on this virus continues. The SARS-CoV genome is about 30 kb in length and is predicted to contain 14 functional open reading frames (ORFs). The genome encodes for proteins that are homologous to known coronavirus proteins, such as the replicase proteins (ORFs 1a and 1b) and the four major structural proteins: nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), membrane (M) and envelope (E). SARS-CoV also encodes for eight unique proteins, called accessory proteins, with no known homologues. This review will summarize the current knowledge on SARS-CoV accessory proteins and will include: (i) expression and processing; (ii) the effects on cellular processes; and (iii) functional studies.

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“…Other viruses that are epithelial-tropic in bronchi such as infectious bronchitis virus [13], influenza virus type A [65] and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS) [98] showed interactions with nucleolin located in nucleolus. The nucleoprotein N of infectious bronchitis virus located in nucleolus and it interacted specifically with nucleolin.…”

Section: Nucleolin and Other Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-structural protein 3b of SARS virus localized in nucleoli of monkey kidney fibroblasts (COS-7 cell line). As in the case of influenza virus, the function of nucleolar localization of 3b protein is unknown but two NoLS sequences in C-terminus of this protein was found [98].…”

Section: Nucleolin and Other Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleolin – Characteristics of Protein and its Role in Biology of Cancers and Viral Infections

Masiuk¹

2008

Advances in Cell Biology

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Nucleolin is a multifunctional nucleolar protein that has three domains of different structure and function. Located in nucleoli, it is also detected in karyoplasms, in cytoplasm and in the cell membrane. It shuttles between these compartments. The specific localization of nucleolin in a cell reflects its involvement in different physiologic and pathologic processes. The main function of nucleolin is participation in the rRNA processing from rDNA transcription to assembly of preribosomal particles. It induces changes in chromatin structure, elongation of primary rRNA transcript and ribosome maturation. Furthermore, nucleolin potentially stabilizes mRNA and may play a role in nucleoli formation and apoptosis. Nucleolin is involved in human papilloma virus-induced carcinogenesis and it influences suppressor proteins and transcription factors. Results of studies on expression of nucleolin in breast cancers revealed a correlation between nucleolin, histological type of cancer, oestrogen receptor expression, cell cycle phases and lymph nodes metastases. In the recent years its localization in the cell membrane brought interest to its participation in viral infections. Nucleolin might be a therapeutic target in HIV infection. It also influences the replication of hepatotropic viruses. The essential role of nucleolin in viral infection is also supported by its co-localization with many viral antigens. The goal of this review is to provide current insights into the structure, expression regulation and post-translational modifications of nucleolin as related to the role of nucleolin in cancers and in viral infections.

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Nucleolar localization of non-structural protein 3b, a protein specifically encoded by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Continuous and Discontinuous RNA Synthesis in Coronaviruses

Continuous and Discontinuous RNA Synthesis in Coronaviruses

The Role of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus Accessory Proteins in Virus Pathogenesis

Nucleolin – Characteristics of Protein and its Role in Biology of Cancers and Viral Infections

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