1999
DOI: 10.1021/ol9903234
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Nucleophilic Metal Complexes as Acylation Catalysts:  Solvent-Dependent “Switch” Mechanisms Leading to the First Catalyzed Staudinger Reaction

Abstract: [formula: see text] Catalytic acylation using complex transition metal salts MCo(CO)4 is demonstrated. Surprisingly, a solvent-dependent mechanistic "switch" results in a Lewis acid-based acylation mechanism in nonpolar media and a nucleophilic mechanism in polar organic media. These observations lead to the first example of a catalyzed Staudinger reaction to form beta-lactams.

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Cited by 45 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…[55] The diversity of nitrogen-centered Lewis bases that catalyze this reaction is reflected in the number of species that promote this reaction through related, acylated catalyst intermediates (Scheme 8). Cobaltate ions, [62] N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), [63] and phosphanes [64] are all effective catalysts for these acylations. Phosphane catalysis of the kinetic resolution of alcohols is particularly noteworthy.…”
Section: Lewis Base Catalyzed Acylationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[55] The diversity of nitrogen-centered Lewis bases that catalyze this reaction is reflected in the number of species that promote this reaction through related, acylated catalyst intermediates (Scheme 8). Cobaltate ions, [62] N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), [63] and phosphanes [64] are all effective catalysts for these acylations. Phosphane catalysis of the kinetic resolution of alcohols is particularly noteworthy.…”
Section: Lewis Base Catalyzed Acylationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These protocols use support to increase the catalytic activity, but our protocol provides good catalytic activity without using any support. It further uses sonication energy at Literature survey reveals that acylation reactions of phenols, alcohols and amines have been carried out using various catalysts such as modified Y zeolites [50], amorphous carbon-silica composites bearing sulfonic acid [51], poly(N-vinylimidazole) [52], sulfonic acid [53], titanocene bis(perfluorooctanesulfonate) [54], RuCl 3 in [bmim][PF 6 ] ionic liquid [55] 4-(N,Ndimethylamino)pyridine hydrochloride [56], NaCo(CO) 4 [57], Ac 2 O-Py/Al 2 O 3 [58], FeCl 2 [59], cobalt(II) salen complex [60], ZnAl 2 O 4 @SiO 2 nanocomposite [61], BiFeO 3 [62], anhydrous NiCl 2 [63], thallium(III) chloride [64], ErCl 3 [65], Gd(OTf) 2 [66], Cu(OTf) 2 [67] and nano CdO [68]. Most of these protocols have several disadvantages like use of additives and surfactants, requirement of co-catalysts, longer reaction times, high catalyst loading and use of homogenous catalysts.…”
Section: Catalytic Application Of γ-Fe 2 O 3 Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Diese Abhängigkeit wurde darauf zurückgeführt, dass bei Verwendung eines einfachen Acyldonors zum einen die Konformation der acylierten Katalysatorzwischenstufe nur schlecht beeinflusst werden kann [57] und zum anderen Konkurrenzreaktionen auftreten können. [55] Über die vielseitigen Stickstoff-Lewis-Basen hinaus ist eine Reihe von Katalysatoren verfügbar, die die Reaktion über ähnliche acylierte Zwischenstufen beschleunigen (Schema 8): Cobaltationen, [62] N-heterocyclische Carbene (NHCs) [63] und Phosphane [64] [69] Durch den Angriff eines geeigneten Nucleophils auf die acylierte Katalysatorzwischenstufe können C-C-Bindungen geknüpft werden (Schema 11). Fu und Mitarbeiter berichteten über die Reaktion eines O-Acylazlactons 22 mit einem chiralen DMAP-Analogon 28, bei der ein quartäres Chiralitätszentrum mit hoher Enantiomerenreinheit aufgebaut wird.…”
Section: Umfang Des Aufsatzesunclassified