Nucleoside Analogues in the Chemotherapy of Viral Infections

Clercq, Erik De

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9268-3_18

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Live, oral entericcoated vaccines against types 4 and 7, which have been effectively used in the military to prevent epidemics of acute respiratory disease (115), have not been approved for use in civilian populations because of the multitude of other serotypes that can cause equally severe illness; no other adenovirus vaccines are planned at present. More recently, purine and pyrimidine base analogs, such as ganciclovir, have been studied as both topical and internal medications and may show some promise (9,11,23,24,41,78,94,116,128,131,138). Otherwise, the best strategies are those of prevention, which have been successfully applied to curtail adenovirus outbreaks in ophthalmologic clinics, hospitals, and nurseries (15,96,129).…”

Section: Adenoviruses In Primary Immunodeficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host

1992

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Adenoviruses are among the many pathogens and opportunistic agents that cause serious infection in the congenitally immunocompromised, in patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for organ and tissue transplants and for cancers, and in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Adenovirus infections in these patients tend to become disseminated and severe, and the serotypes involved are clustered according to the age of the patient and the nature of the immunosuppression. Over 300 adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients, with an overall case fatality rate of 48%, are reviewed in this paper. Children with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome and other primary immunodeficiencies are exposed to the serotypes of subgroups B and C that commonly infect young children, and thus their infections are due to types 1 to 7 and 31 of subgenus A. Children with bone marrow and liver transplants often have lung and liver adenovirus infections that are due to an expanded set of subgenus A, B, C, and E serotypes. Adults with kidney transplants have viruses of subgenus B, mostly types 11, 34, and 35, which cause cystitis. This review indicates that 11% of transplant recipients become infected with adenoviruses, with case fatality rates from 60% for bone marrow transplant patients to 18% for renal transplant patients. Patients with AIDS become infected with a diversity of serotypes of all subgenera because their adult age and life-style expose them to many adenoviruses, possibly resulting in antigenically intermediate strains that are not found elsewhere. Interestingly, isolates from the urine of AIDS patients are generally of subgenus B and comprise types 11, 21, 34, 35, and intermediate strains of these types, whereas isolates from stool are of subgenus D and comprise many rare, new, and intermediate strains that are untypeable for practical purposes. It has been estimated that adenoviruses cause active infection in 12% of AIDS patients and that 45% of these infections terminate in death within 2 months. In all immunocompromised patients, generalized illness involving the central nervous system, respiratory system, hepatitis, and gastroenteritis usually have a fulminant course and result in death. Treatments for adenovirus infections are of little proven value, although certain purine and pyrimidine analogs have shown beneficial effects in vitro and may be promising drugs.

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Section: Adenoviruses In Primary Immunodeficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host

1992

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“…Intensive research has been undertaken to isolate antiviral compounds from plants, (Amoros et al, 1988, De Clercq, 1990Field, 1988;Hudson, 1990) as an alternative strategy to chemical synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on antiviral action of Haemanthus albiflos natural extract

Husson¹,

Sarrette

Vilagines

et al. 1993

Phytotherapy Research

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Investigations were undertaken on the antiviral action of an hydroalcoholic extract from Haemanthus albijlos bulb, reported here as an efficient agent against RNA viruses. Poliovirus propagated on HeLa cells with different concentrations of the extract was used in the assays. The effect on cellular RNA, DNA and protein synthesis as well as on viral RNA synthesis was evaluated by measuring the radioactivity incorporated using labelled precursors.A 0.2 pL/mL concentration of the plant extract showed an inhibition of cellular RNA, DNA and protein synthesis compared with the control of 44%, 40% and 52%, respectively. At the same concentration a 90% decrease of the viral RNA synthesis was observed over 210 min.

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Nucleoside Analogues in the Chemotherapy of Viral Infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 60 publications

Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host

Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host

Investigations on antiviral action of Haemanthus albiflos natural extract

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