Nueva especie de Lonchorhina (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) de Chiribiquete, Guayana colombiana

Abstract

Sword-nose bats genus Lonchorhina are characterized by the most developed telic structures among representatives of the Neotropical family Phyllostomidae, including the longest noseleaf, ear pinna, and tragi in respect to their body sizes. Species in the genus Lonchorhina are usually rare in mist-netting inventories, and most of the currently recognized species are represented in museum collections by few specimens from a limited number of localities, preventing a better appreciation of its diversity. The last comprehensive study on the taxonomy of the genus was conducted almost four decades ago based upon a limited number of specimens that did not include all currently recognized species. In this work we evaluate the phenetic affinities and taxonomic placement of divergent Lonchorhina specimens recovered from the Colombian Guayana, through the analysis of both discrete and morphometric skull characters. Our analyses included 105 Lonchorhina specimens, representing the five currently recognized species, from a substantial portion of the distribution of the genus. As a result of our evaluation, we introduce a new species of sword-nose bat, representing the phyllostomid species with the largest known noseleaf and tragus (noseleaf >41.5 mm, tragus >22.3 mm). The newly introduce taxon is part of the large skull Lonchorhina (Greatest Skull Length, GSL >21.5 mm) and it is closely related in its morphology to L. marinkellei and L. inusitata from which it is easy to tell apart by its unique morphology, overall larger size (GSL media=27.31; StDev=0.5) and more massive dentition. The holotype of Lonchorhina sp. nov. was collected at an inselberg formation, adjacent to Río Mesay, Puerto Abeja in the Southwestern portion of the National Natural Park Chiribiquete, in the Colombian department of Caquetá, at 340 masl. The National Park Chiribiquete, corresponds to one of the most unexplored areas in the country, enclosing the oldest and largest series of Amazon pictograms (20.000 years bc) registered on the outcrops of the numerous tepuis, in which images of bats are of particular cultural importance, in that sense the new species is a tribute to the Karijona people who inhabited the area of Chiribiquete.Keywords: Chiribiquete, Guayana, Karijona, Sowrd-nose bat. ResumenLos murciélagos de hoja nasal de espada del género Lonchorhina se caracterizan entre los miembros de la familia Phyllostomidae por poseer las estructuras télicas más desarrolladas, incluyendo la hoja nasal, trago, y pina más largos con respecto a su tamaño corporal. Las especies del género Lonchorhina son usualmente difíciles de registrar en muestreos con redes de niebla y están representadas en colecciones científicas, por pocos individuos de algunas localidades, impidiendo una mejor apreciación de su diversidad. La última revisión del género se realizó hace casi cuatro décadas, e incluyó un número limitado de especímenes de pocas localidades, sin considerar todas las especies reconocidas en la actualidad. En este estudio se analiza la morfología y vari...

Update of the distribution of Lonchorhina aurita (Chiroptera), a vulnerable cave-dwelling bat in Brazil

“…Nevertheless, it was included in the seven most endangered bat species defined by the Official National List of Endangered Fauna of Brazil published by the Brazilian Environment Ministry (MMA) through federal ordinance number 444 on December 17 th , 2014. The record of the species reported here thus increases the number of endangered bat species found in Sergipe to three (Leal et al, 2013;Machado et al, 2008; Ordinance number 444/2014 -MMA).…”

“…Lonchorhina aurita is classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN due to its wide distribution and low population decline (Solari, 2015) and it is currently not included in the Brazilian Red List (Machado et al, 2008). Nevertheless, it was included in the seven most endangered bat species defined by the Official National List of Endangered Fauna of Brazil published by the Brazilian Environment Ministry (MMA) through federal ordinance number 444 on December 17 th , 2014.…”

Endemic bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Colombia: State of knowledge, distribution, and conservation

“…Lonchorhina marinkellei Hernández-Camacho & Cadena-G., 1978. State of knowledge: It is the endemic bat species that has been included in more publications (Marinkelle, 1976;Handley & Ochoa G., 1997;Montenegro & Romero-Ruiz, 1999;Muñoz Arango, 2001;Simmons, 2005;Cadena & Muñoz-Saba, 2007;Williams & Genoways, 2008;Muñoz & Mantilla, 2008;Mantilla-Meluk et al, 2009;Ramírez-Chaves, 2011;Solari et al, 2013;Solari, 2016b;Mantilla-Meluk & Montenegro, 2016;Suárez-Castro et al, 2017), for a total of 15 including the original description (Hernández-Camacho & Cadena-G., 1978). The species description presents limited information on ecology and natural history (diet and distribution) associated with the taxonomic and distributional descriptions.…”

“…The species description presents limited information on ecology and natural history (diet and distribution) associated with the taxonomic and distributional descriptions. Four of these publications are about anatomy and morphology (Hernández-Camacho & Cadena-G., 1978;Handley & Ochoa G., 1997;Williams & Genoways, 2008;Mantilla-Meluk & Montenegro, 2016), seven on taxonomy and systematics (Hernández-Camacho & Cadena-G., 1978;Handley & Ochoa G., 1997;Cadena & Muñoz-Saba, 2007;Williams & Genoways, 2008;Ramírez-Chaves, 2011;Mantilla-Meluk & Montenegro, 2016;Suárez-Castro et al, 2017), eight on biogeography, distribution and records (Hernández-Camacho & Cadena-G., 1978;Handley & Ochoa G., 1997;Montenegro & Romero-Ruiz, 1999;Williams & Genoways, 2008;Mantilla-Meluk et al, 2009;Solari et al, 2013;Mantilla-Meluk & Montenegro, 2016;Delgadillo-Ordoñez et al, 2018), eight on generalities (Muñoz Arango, 2001;Simmons, 2005;Cadena & Muñoz-Saba, 2007;Muñoz & Mantilla, 2008;Williams & Genoways, 2008; Universitas Scientiarum Vol. 25 (1): 55-94 http://ciencias.javeriana.edu.co/investigacion/universitas-scientiarum Mantilla-Meluk et al, 2009;Solari, 2016b;Suárez-Castro et al, 2017;Delgadillo-Ordoñez et al, 2018), and two on threats/conservation (Solari, 2016b;Suárez-Castro et al, 2017).…”

“…Castro et al, 2017).It is only known from the original description(Mantilla-Meluk & Montenegro, 2016), and two additional paper where recent records obtained 27 years after the collection of the specimens used as the type series are presented. The species description presents limited information on ecology and natural history associated with the systematics and distributional description.ConservationThere are not current assessments of its threaten category.…”