IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network peering is a key enabler that willvoice, IMS networks essentially rely on the PSTN to route voice calls among the IMS islands. That is, calls among IMS subscribers served by different SPs are most likely routed through the PSTN, resulting in less efficient routing, an inability to support end-to-end VoIP related services (e.g., wideband voice), unnecessary settlements, and the undesirable impact of perpetuating the PSTN.Various standards organizations have recently begun to tackle crucial aspects of IMS peering, including policy, signaling, network, and security peering. The International Telecommunication Union,