Numbers of Brucella abortus in the placenta, umbilicus and fetal fluid of two naturally infected cows

Alexander, B.; Schnurrenberger, Paul R.; Brown, R. R.

doi:10.1136/vr.108.23.500

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…6 For livestock, the predominant route of Brucella exposure is by ingestion or inhalation of microorganisms present in the aborted fetus which can be as high as 10 13 organisms per gram of tissue. 7 Human infection is mainly acquired via the ingestion of contaminated foods such as unpasteurized dairy products or raw meat. 1, 8 Inhalation or mucosal exposure to aerosolized bacteria from contact with the infected animal’s vaginal secretions, urine, feces, or blood (especially amongst livestock producers, abattoir workers, and veterinarians) can also cause disease transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8⁺ T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge

et al. 2016

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Brucellosis remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide. Humans and animals acquire infection via their oropharynx and upper respiratory tract following oral or aerosol exposure. After mucosal infection, brucellosis develops into a systemic disease. Mucosal vaccination could offer a viable alternative to conventional injection practices to deter disease. Using a nasal vaccination approach, the ΔznuA B. melitensis was found to confer potent protection against pulmonary Brucella challenge, and reduce colonization of spleens and lungs by more than 2500-fold, with more than 50% of vaccinated mice showing no detectable brucellae. Furthermore, tenfold more brucellae-specific, IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells than CD4+ T cells were induced in the spleen and respiratory lymph nodes. Evaluation of pulmonary and splenic CD8+ T cells from mice vaccinated with ΔznuA B. melitensis revealed that these expressed an activated effector memory (CD44hiCD62LloCCR7lo) T cells producing elevated levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin, and granzyme B. To assess the relative importance of these increased numbers of CD8+ T cells, CD8−/− mice were challenged with virulent B. melitensis, and they showed markedly increased bacterial loads in organs in contrast to similarly challenged CD4−/− mice. Only ΔznuA B. melitensis- and Rev-1-vaccinated CD4−/− and wild-type mice, not CD8−/− mice, were completely protected against Brucella challenge. Determination of cytokines responsible for conferring protection showed the relative importance of IFN-γ, but not IL-17. Unlike wild-type mice, IL-17 was greatly induced in IFN-γ−/− mice, but IL-17 could not substitute for IFN-γ’s protection, although an increase in brucellae dissemination was observed upon in vivo IL-17 neutralization. These results show that nasal ΔznuA B. melitensis vaccination represents an attractive means to stimulate systemic and mucosal immune protection via CD8+ T cell engagement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8⁺ T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge

et al. 2016

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“…” Brucella would be advised “ male and female genital organs ” as a first choice with millions of positive comments from previous and highly satisfied congeneric visitors. The friendly ambiance and the relish for the specialties of the chef are illustrated by the fact that the infected bovine concepts can host up to 10 14 brucellae (Alexander et al, 1981; Corner, 1983). …”

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Brucella Genital Tropism: What's on the Menu

et al. 2017

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“…Pregnant cattle exhibit the greatest sensitivity to infection by B. abortus, and susceptibility to the disease increases as pregnancy progresses. Abortion is associated with the extensive replication of the brucellae within the chorioallantoic trophoblasts that form a vital component of the placenta (1,15,29,31). This massive intracellular replication ruptures the infected trophoblasts and allows the bacteria direct access to the fetus (20).…”

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Production of the Siderophore 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Is Required for Wild-Type Growth of Brucella abortus in the Presence of Erythritol under Low-Iron Conditions In Vitro

et al. 2003

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Production of the siderophore 2,3-dihyroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) is required for the wild-type virulence of Brucella abortus in cattle. A possible explanation for this requirement was uncovered when it was determined that a B. abortus dhbC mutant (BHB1) defective in 2,3-DHBA production displays marked growth restriction in comparison to its parent strain, B. abortus 2308, when cultured in the presence of erythritol under low-iron conditions. This phenotype is not displayed when these strains are cultured under low-iron conditions in the presence of other readily utilizable carbon and energy sources. The addition of either exogenous 2,3-DHBA or FeCl 3 relieves this growth defect, suggesting that the inability of the B. abortus dhbC mutant to display wild-type growth in the presence of erythritol under iron-limiting conditions is due to a defect in iron acquisition. Restoring 2,3-DHBA production to the B. abortus dhbC mutant by genetic complementation abolished the erythritol-specific growth defect exhibited by this strain in low-iron medium, verifying the relationship between 2,3-DHBA production and efficient growth in the presence of erythritol under low-iron conditions. The positive correlation between 2,3-DHBA production and growth in the presence of erythritol was further substantiated by the observation that the addition of erythritol to low-iron cultures of B. abortus 2308 stimulated the production of 2,3-DHBA by increasing the transcription of the dhbCEBA operon. Correspondingly, the level of exogenous iron needed to repress dhbCEBA expression in B. abortus 2308 was also greater when this strain was cultured in the presence of erythritol than that required when it was cultured in the presence of any of the other readily utilizable carbon and energy sources tested. The tissues of the bovine reproductive tract are rich in erythritol during the latter stages of pregnancy, and the ability to metabolize erythritol is thought to be important to the virulence of B. abortus in pregnant ruminants. Consequently, the experimental findings presented here offer a plausible explanation for the attenuation of the B. abortus 2,3-DHBA-deficient mutant BHB1 in pregnant ruminants.

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Numbers of Brucella abortus in the placenta, umbilicus and fetal fluid of two naturally infected cows

Cited by 57 publications

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Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8⁺ T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge

Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8⁺ T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge

Brucella Genital Tropism: What's on the Menu

Production of the Siderophore 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Is Required for Wild-Type Growth of Brucella abortus in the Presence of Erythritol under Low-Iron Conditions In Vitro

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Numbers of Brucella abortus in the placenta, umbilicus and fetal fluid of two naturally infected cows

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8+ T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge

Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8+ T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge

Brucella Genital Tropism: What's on the Menu

Production of the Siderophore 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Is Required for Wild-Type Growth of Brucella abortus in the Presence of Erythritol under Low-Iron Conditions In Vitro

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Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8⁺ T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge

Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8⁺ T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge