Numbing and Hyperarousal as Mediators of Exposure to Community Violence and Depression in Urban African-American Youth

Kohl, Krista; Gross, Israel M.; Harrison, Patrick R.; Richards, Maryse H.

doi:10.1007/s40653-015-0038-z

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In this review, exposure rates to community violence were different between studies. For example, four studies conducted in Africa reported that 83.4% to 98.9% of subjects were witnesses of community violence, while 40.1% to 83.5% of subjects were victims of community violence [ 59 , 63 , 66 , 70 ]; in contrast, studies in the United States of America showed greater variation, witness of community violence (49-98%) and victim of community violence (10.3-69%) [ 26 , 32 – 34 , 36 – 39 , 41 , 43 , 51 – 54 , 56 , 58 , 62 , 65 , 68 ]. Part of this difference could be due to different methods for measuring community violence, but another part could be because of different population origins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community violence and internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review.

et al. 2022

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Purposes Mental disorders are responsible for 16% of the global burden of disease in adolescents. This review focuses on one contextual factor called community violence that can contribute to the development of mental disorders Objective To evaluate the impact of community violence on internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents, to investigate whether different proximity to community violence (witness or victim) is associated with different risks and to identify whether gender, age, and race moderate this association. Methods systematic review of observational studies. The population includes adolescents (10-24 years), exposition involves individuals exposed to community violence and outcomes consist of internalizing mental health symptoms. Selection, extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. Results A total of 2987 works were identified; after selection and extraction, 42 works remained. Higher exposure to community violence was positively associated with internalizing mental health symptoms. Being a witnessing is less harmful for mental health than being a victim. Age and race did not appear in the results as modifiers, but male gender and family support appear to be protective factors in some studies. Conclusion This review confirms the positive relationship between community violence and internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents and provides relevant information that can direct public efforts to build policies in the prevention of both problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community violence and internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review.

et al. 2022

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“…Trained research staff taught participants how to complete forms properly and went to the schools each day to answer questions and ensure that participants complied with ESM standards. To be included in the study, participants were required to respond to at least 15 signals out of a maximum of 51 possible signals (Kohl, Gross, Harrison, & Richards, 2015). The sample's median response total of 42 or 82% of the total conforms to established satisfactory levels of ESM responding (see R. Larson, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience in Urban African American Adolescents: The Protective Enhancing Effects of Neighborhood, Family, and School Cohesion Following Violence Exposure

DiClemente

Rice

Quimby

et al. 2016

The Journal of Early Adolescence

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Exposure to violence (ETV) poses a serious threat to adolescents' safety and well-being; however, some adolescents who grow up in such toxic environments are able to thrive due to a combination of internal and external characteristics. The current study examines the role of cohesion across contexts (i.e., family, school, and community) as moderating the relation between ETV and positive internal outcomes characteristic of resilient youth (i.e., ethnic identity, positive affect, and self-esteem) in a sample of low-income, urban, African American adolescents (N = 269, 60% female) from seventh grade to eighth grade. Results indicated that greater cohesion in each context was directly related to more positive outcomes. Family and neighborhood cohesion additionally served as protective enhancing factors

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“…The presence of violence cases in their communities, especially when it affects one of its family members, is the origin of problems involving anxiety disorder, depression and posttraumatic stress. In a study where students from the sixth to the eighth grade were followed-up by psychologists to assess their conditions, we found that if a child suffers any traumatic violent event in a year, he/she will usually present psychiatric syndromes in the next years of learning [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Consequences Of Living With Community Violence and Its Association With Substance Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When violence includes the sexual area, a cyclic phenomenon happens, in which mothers who experience sexual violence in the youth present more chances of their daughters experiencing this occasion [13][14][15][16][17]. In a study where women were separated by their races in the connection with risk factors, black women were more associated with power abuse of guardians than other races; in addition, there is a higher propension to continuing sexual abuse cases without an intervention [13].…”

Section: Consequences Of Living With Community Violence and Its Association With Substance Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Children and Adolescents to Violence and Its Impacts onHealth: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2020

Health Educ Public Health

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Virtual em Saúde (Health Virtual Library, BVS) electronic databases, in which the latter hosts databases like MEDLINE and LILACS. We calculated ratio meta-analysis considering the model and method of random effects with the support of the Stata Program 14.0. We also used the metabias calculation and demonstration to verify the investigated effect, even in small samples. Results: The search resulted in studies developed in foreign countries and in Brazil, even though the number of articles found in Brazil (n=15) is rare compared with foreign countries (n=125). Results are a more faithful violence cut in the health of adolescents than of black children, considering that we only found a few studies focused on children about this theme. The most used age in the studies was 12 to 19 years. Evidence show that the violence effect in the health of African descent populations is significant even in small studies. Conclusion: Violence is a factor with important repercussions related to the health-disease process in the African descent population during the youth. Ethnic disparities regarding deaths of black adolescents due to violent causes are the extreme outcome of this factor. Being adolescent and black in Brazil implies a three times higher chance of evolving to death if compared with a white adolescent.

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Numbing and Hyperarousal as Mediators of Exposure to Community Violence and Depression in Urban African-American Youth

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Community violence and internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review.

Community violence and internalizing mental health symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review.

Resilience in Urban African American Adolescents: The Protective Enhancing Effects of Neighborhood, Family, and School Cohesion Following Violence Exposure

Exposure of Children and Adolescents to Violence and Its Impacts onHealth: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

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