Numerical Analysis for a Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination System Utilizing the Static Pressure Head due to the Depth of the Sea The Case of a Seawater Channel Laminated on Both Sides with Reverse Osmosis Membrane.

Tagawa, Kotaro; Miyatake, Osamu

doi:10.1252/kakoronbunshu.27.395

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The system is designed to operate at a depth of about 500 m, and it was estimated the energy requirement would be about 7kJ/kg of freshwater [92]. These estimates are supported by the calculations of a Japanese group that indicate a 50% reduction in power consumption for deep sea RO over land based systems [94].…”

Section: Deep Ocean Hydrostatic Headmentioning

confidence: 84%

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Miller¹

2003

207

148

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Water shortages affect 88 developing countries that are home to half of the world's population. In these places, 80-90% of all diseases and 30% of all deaths result from poor water quality. Furthermore, over the next 25 years, the number of people affected by severe water shortages is expected to increase fourfold. Low cost methods to desalinate brackish water and sea water can help reverse this destabilizing trend. Desalination has now been practiced on a large scale for more than 50 years. During this time continual improvements have been made, and the major technologies are now remarkably efficient, reliable, and inexpensive. For many years, thermal technologies were the only viable option, and multi-stage flash (MSF) was established as the baseline technology. Multieffect evaporation (MEE) is now the state-of-the-art thermal technology, but has not been widely implemented. With the growth of membrane science, reverse osmosis (RO) overtook MSF as the leading desalination technology, and should be considered the baseline technology. Presently, RO of seawater can be accomplished with an energy expenditure in the range of 11-60 kJ/kg at a cost of $2 to $4 per 1000 gallons. The theoretical minimum energy expenditure is 3-7 kJ/kg. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS.

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Section: Deep Ocean Hydrostatic Headmentioning

confidence: 84%