Numerical analysis of a finite element formulation of the P2D model for Lithium-ion cells

Bermejo, Rodolfo

doi:10.1007/s00211-021-01235-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As mentioned previously, the full-order P2D model has no analytical solution without using order reduction assumptions, and we normally need an iterative numerical approach to solve a P2D model in practice [17,18]. To implement a numerical solver, the continuous PDAEs described in Table 2 must be converted into Discrete Algebraic Equations (DAEs) to be solved at discrete points in space and time.…”

Section: Model Discretisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaptations of the P2D model tend to be additive, where additional processes are modelled in conjunction with the fundamental physiochemical processes of the P2D model. Despite its accuracy and adaptability, the P2D model is a complex mathematical model that has no analytical solution [17,18]. To implement the P2D model, we normally use two approaches:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Solver for an Electrochemical–Thermal Ageing Model of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Wickramanayake,

Javadipour,

Mehran

2024

Batteries

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To estimate the state of health, charge, power, and safety (SoX) of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in real time, battery management systems (BMSs) need accurate and efficient battery models. The full-order partial two-dimensional (P2D) model is a common physics-based cell-level LiB model that faces challenges for real-time BMS implementation due to the complexity of its numerical solver. In this paper, we propose a method to discretise the P2D model equations using the Finite Volume and Verlet Integration Methods to significantly reduce the computational complexity of the solver. Our proposed iterative solver uses novel convergence criteria and physics-based initial guesses to provide high fidelity for discretised P2D equations. We also include both the kinetic-limited and diffusion-limited models for Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) growth into an iterative P2D solver. With these SEI models, we can estimate the capacity fade in real time once the model is tuned to the cell–voltage curve. The results are validated using three different operation scenarios, including the 1C discharge/charge cycle, multiple-C-rate discharges, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dynamic stress test. The proposed solver shows at least a 4.5 times improvement in performance with less than 1% error when compared to commercial solvers.

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Section: Model Discretisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Solver for an Electrochemical–Thermal Ageing Model of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Wickramanayake,

Javadipour,

Mehran

2024

Batteries

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show abstract

“…At the same time, the P2D model will be simulated and analyzed. Its mathematical model is expressed in Table 1 below, which is mainly composed of five equations describing the material distribution of the solid phase and liquid phase diffusion process in the r direction [47], the potential distribution in the x direction, and the lithium-ion embedding/de-embedding process on the two-phase interface respectively [48,49].…”

Section: "Carrier Level" Is Based On P2d Model Comparative Study 241 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Optimization of Valley-Filling Charging for Vehicle Network System Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

Hu,

Zhou,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Many electric vehicles connected to the grid will lead to problems such as poor stability of power grid generation. The key to solving these problems is to propose an efficient, stable, and economical valley-filling charging scheme for electric vehicles and grid users in the vehicle network system. Firstly, the convex optimization theory is used to make the grid achieve the optimization effect of valley filling. On this basis, the electricity price scheme with a time-varying coefficient as the variable is proposed to meet the single objective optimization of EV charging cost optimization, and its degree of influence on the grid valley-filling effect is analyzed. Secondly, based on the competitive relationship between EV charging cost and battery life, the P2D model is simplified and analyzed, and the attenuation law of battery capacity is quantitatively described. The multi-objective optimization problem is established to express in a Pareto matrix. Finally, the compatibility between the multi-objective optimization and grid valley charging is analyzed. The simulation results show that: (1) The convexity electricity price scheme can satisfy the requirements of various retention rates to achieve the valley-filling effect; (2) The filling effect is satisfied with the electricity price scheme that minimizes the charging cost, and the key factors affecting the filling effect are analyzed; (3) The multi-objective optimization scheme with charging cost and battery life is compatible with the valley-filling effect.

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A state of health estimation method of lithium-ion batteries based on DT-IC-V health features extracted from partial charging segment

Tian

Yang

Gao

et al. 2022

International Journal of Green Energy

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Numerical analysis of a finite element formulation of the P2D model for Lithium-ion cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

A Novel Solver for an Electrochemical–Thermal Ageing Model of a Lithium-Ion Battery

A Novel Solver for an Electrochemical–Thermal Ageing Model of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Research on Optimization of Valley-Filling Charging for Vehicle Network System Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

A state of health estimation method of lithium-ion batteries based on DT-IC-V health features extracted from partial charging segment

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