The swash plate compressor can provide high-pressure gas through multistage compression using its different cylinders, which is an ideal structure for high-pressure compressor miniaturization. The swash plate multistage compressor (SPMC) with variable sections cylinder and inter-stage cooler is proposed and its complex structure results in complex multi-body dynamics and thermodynamics. To research the dynamic characteristics of SPMC, the dynamic model of SPMC is established, which includes the thermodynamics of compression and inter-stage cooler and the dynamics of all the check valves and pistons. The optimization objective function considering the dynamic characteristics and efficiency is proposed. The constraint conditions and sensitivity of the optimized parameters are studied and the final parameters are achieved through an optimization algorithm. Based on the above work, it can be found that the optimization way has high convergence and accuracy, and the comprehensive performance of SPMC is improved significantly.