The article focuses on analyzing changes in the chemical composition of steel samples after the cooling phase. A few distinct types of samples made of St3S steel were heated in an electric resistance furnace for 1 h. The temperature in the following minutes of the furnace work was programmed to reflect the standard fire curve defined in the Eurocode in the best possible way. The box-type electric furnace was used. There were three series of samples, and each of them was cooled down in diverse ways: (a) in the water, (b) in the polymer cooling medium AQUA-QUENCH® 320, and (c) in the furnace. After that, the chemical composition of diverse types of samples with various kinds of cooling was checked. This task was realized using a laser elementary analysis microscope with the EA-300 head. The investigation allowed the authors to draw the following conclusions: the electric furnace may be used to simulate an increase in temperature with fire duration according to standard fire curve only in the phase of fully developed fire situation; the EA-300 head for laser elementary analysis allows checking of the chemical composition of investigated elements very quickly (in a few seconds).