Numerical analysis of fluid transport phenomena and spiking defect formation during vacuum electron beam welding of 2219 aluminium alloy plate

Liu, Chengcai; He, Jiaojie

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.07.033

Cited by 46 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The liquid molten pool will lose the heat dissipation direction with the change of heat conduction direction. The growth of grain is inhibited eventually [32][33][34][35]. To sum up, under the action of a higher energy laser, the base metal is melted to form a metal pool and then cooled to form the as-cast structure.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Weld morphology, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of laser beam welding of wire arc additive manufactured Al-Cu substrate

Shi

Wang

Zhan

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Additive manufacturing (AM) cannot meet the manufacturing requirements of speci c large structures, so use the welding method to joint the small size parts of AM to solve the problem. In work, the laser weld 3mm thick samples cut from WAAM block under different laser powers and welding directions to explore the feasibility of technology. The properties evolution, and weldability of the laser-welded wire arc additive manufactured Al-Cu alloy joints are investigated. The results indicate that the wire arc additive manufactured Al-Cu alloy has excellent laser weldability without apparent detection. The microstructures of the laser-welded joints consist of columnar grains, dendrites and ne equiaxed grains. The 3500 W laser power joint has higher tensile strength and elongation than other laser powers, reaching 203.48 MPa, 4.13%. Compared with the different welding direction joints, "0°and 0°" has the higher tensile strength and elongation, reaching 180.77 MPa, 2.40%. The microstructures have a weak effect, but the anisotropy plays a signi cant role in the tensile properties. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to laser-welded WAAM samples, and provide solutions that AM technology di cultly produces large size parts.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Weld morphology, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of laser beam welding of wire arc additive manufactured Al-Cu substrate

Shi

Wang

Zhan

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…Besides, the opening of the upper "V" type is larger than that of the lower "V" type. Thus, based on previous EBW studies [31][32][33] and morphologies of weld profile, a Gaussian surface heat source model was used to describe the heat flux distribution in each thickness layer, and an attenuation equation in the thickness direction was employed to simulate the characteristics of deep penetration. The schematic of heat source model combined by Gaussian surface heat source and attenuation body heat source was shown in Fig.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electron beam welding parameters on temperature and stress field of AISI P20 tool steel in vacuum roll-cladding process

Mao

Luo

Feng

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Vacuum roll-cladding (VRC) is an effective method to produce high quality ultra-heavy AISI P20 plate steel. In the process of VRC, reasonable welding process of electron beam welding (EBW) can significantly avoid welding cracks and reduce the cost. In this paper, the electron beam welding process of AISI P20 tool steel was simulated by using a combined heat source model based on finite element method, and the temperature field and stress field under different welding parameters were studied respectively. The results showed that welding parameters have a greater effect on weld penetration than that of weld width, which making the aspect ratio increases with the increase of welding current, and decrease with the increase of welding speed. The weld morphologies were consistent with those of the modeling and the measured thermal heat curves were good agreement with those of simulated, which was verified the feasibility and effectiveness of temperature fields. The results of stress fields under different welding parameters indicated that lower welding speed and higher welding current resulting in lower residual stress at welded joint, which means lower risk of cracking after EBW. The results of this study have been successfully applied to industrial production.

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“…The highest penetration depth of 11.13 mm was obtained when applying a 65 mA beam current. Relative errors between calculated and measured penetration depths varied from 2.21 % to 2.6 % [32]. Concurrently, Liu et al performed electron beam partial penetration welding of 20 mm thick AA2219 aluminium alloy with a direct focus on the base metal surface, a beam current of 45 mA, accelerating voltage of 60 kV, focusing current of 730 mA, and heating time of 49 ms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of focusing current on the microstructure of 2219 high-strength aluminum alloy electron beam welded joints

Sahul,

Rusynyk

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The paper concerns the analysis of the influence of the focusing current on the microstructure of aluminum alloy welded joints produced by electron beam welding. 2219 high-strength aluminum copper alloy was used as the base material. 2219 aluminum alloy is extensively used in the aerospace industry due to its excellent mechanical properties, high strength-to-weight ratio, and good corrosion resistance. Fuselage skins, wing panels, and rocket fuel tanks are some of the applications of the mentioned alloy. Bead-on-plate welded joints were produced within the study. Focusing currents of 629, 634, 639, 644, and 649 mA were utilized. Focusing current 639 mA ensures a sharp focus. The higher focusing current resulted in the production of a smoother weld bead. The narrowest weld was recorded when 629 mA focusing current was used. In the case of focusing currents 639, 644, and 649 mA, it can be stated that the higher the focusing current, the narrower the weld root. Except for a slight deviation in the case of the 629 mA focusing current application, the higher the focusing current, the larger the cross-sectional area of weld metal. Furthermore, the higher the focusing current, i.e., set up the focus position above the surface of materials to be welded, the larger the dendrite size. The finest dendrites were observed in the case of 629 mA focusing current (under focusing of the electron beam). Contrarily, the coarsest dendrites were documented when the highest focusing current, i.e., 649 mA, was used (over-focusing of the electron beam).

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Numerical analysis of fluid transport phenomena and spiking defect formation during vacuum electron beam welding of 2219 aluminium alloy plate

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Weld morphology, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of laser beam welding of wire arc additive manufactured Al-Cu substrate

Weld morphology, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of laser beam welding of wire arc additive manufactured Al-Cu substrate

Effect of electron beam welding parameters on temperature and stress field of AISI P20 tool steel in vacuum roll-cladding process

The influence of focusing current on the microstructure of 2219 high-strength aluminum alloy electron beam welded joints

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