Numerical Analysis Of Heat Transfer Parameters Using Ferrofluid

Garg, H.P.; Negi, Vipender Singh; Kharola, Ashish Singh; Garg, Nidhi

doi:10.1080/15567265.2015.1093893

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The second method was based on a mixture model approach to simulate a dispersed phase, considered a ferrofluid (i.e., a suspension of magnetic nanoconjugates in water) due to the high concentration of nanoparticles in the domain. Several recent reports support this assumption (rather than considering individual particles) for FEM simulations, since it leads to results that are closer to those obtained experimentally [42][43][44][45][46]. In this case, the implemented COMSOL modules were the "mixture model with laminar flow", the "magnetic field without current", and "diluted species' transport".…”

Section: Magnetoliposomes Purification 251 Lipidic-nanoconjugates Pha...mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Despite these results, it is important to highlight a significant difference in the choice of one approach over the other in terms of ease of implementation. In this regard, although the mixture model describes the suspended magnetic nanoconjugates as a ferrofluid, making the simulation more realistic, the computational cost of this modeling approach compared with particle tracing is much higher [42,43,52]. Our results recommend implementing both models for a more comprehensive understanding of the devices, as these two approaches complement each other and might provide much more robust insights for further manufacturing and experimental testing.…”

Section: Magnetoliposomes Purificationmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Microfluidic Synthesis and Purification of Magnetoliposomes for Potential Applications in the Gastrointestinal Delivery of Difficult-to-Transport Drugs

et al. 2022

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Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained significant attention in several applications for drug delivery. However, there are some issues related to cell penetration, especially in the transport of cargoes that show limited membrane passing. A widely studied strategy to overcome this problem is the encapsulation of the MNPs into liposomes to form magnetoliposomes (MLPs), which are capable of fusing with membranes to achieve high delivery rates. This study presents a low-cost microfluidic approach for the synthesis and purification of MLPs and their biocompatibility and functional testing via hemolysis, platelet aggregation, cytocompatibility, internalization, and endosomal escape assays to determine their potential application in gastrointestinal delivery. The results show MLPs with average hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 137 ± 17 nm to 787 ± 45 nm with acceptable polydispersity index (PDI) values (below 0.5). In addition, we achieved encapsulation efficiencies between 20% and 90% by varying the total flow rates (TFRs), flow rate ratios (FRRs), and MNPs concentration. Moreover, remarkable biocompatibility was attained with the obtained MLPs in terms of hemocompatibility (hemolysis below 1%), platelet aggregation (less than 10% with respect to PBS 1×), and cytocompatibility (cell viability higher than 80% in AGS and Vero cells at concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL). Additionally, promising delivery results were obtained, as evidenced by high internalization, low endosomal entrapment (AGS cells: PCC of 0.28 and covered area of 60% at 0.5 h and PCC of 0.34 and covered area of 99% at 4 h), and negligible nuclear damage and DNA condensation. These results confirm that the developed microfluidic devices allow high-throughput production of MLPs for potential encapsulation and efficient delivery of nanostructured cell-penetrating agents. Nevertheless, further in vitro analysis must be carried out to evaluate the prevalent intracellular trafficking routes as well as to gain a detailed understanding of the existing interactions between nanovehicles and cells.

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Section: Magnetoliposomes Purification 251 Lipidic-nanoconjugates Pha...mentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Magnetoliposomes Purificationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microfluidic Synthesis and Purification of Magnetoliposomes for Potential Applications in the Gastrointestinal Delivery of Difficult-to-Transport Drugs

et al. 2022

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“…The multiphysics simulation was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics by implementing the particle tracing module on the microchannels as computational domains for laminar fluid flow. The governing equations for laminar flow were the conservation of momentum by the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids (1) and the conservation of mass by the continuity Equation ( 2) [11].…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Analysis of Microfluidic Systems for the Purification of Magnetoliposomes

Torres

Aranguren

Reyes

et al. 2020

The 2nd International Online-Conference on Nanomaterials

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Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have been considered for several applications in drug delivery. However, the main challenge is to assure high cell-penetration levels, especially when dealing with cargoes that show limited membrane passing. A strategy is to encapsulate the MNPs into liposomes to form magnetoliposomes (MLs) capable of fusing with membranes to achieve high delivery rates. MLs have therefore been used as carriers in the biomedical field due to their ability to release active molecules that can be used in treatments of diverse diseases. There are several techniques to produce such encapsulates, however, the main challenge is that the process often leads to an important fraction of non-encapsulated MNPs. Purification of such a fraction is challenging because of the small size difference between the particles and the MLs and the reduced magnetic responsiveness. Seeking to obtain pure MLs with potential use in the medical field, the following study presents finite element simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics of two purification methods. Accordingly, we implemented the magnetic and asymmetric pinched flow fractionation (AsPFF) separation systems to evaluate their purification efficiencies considering operation parameters such as the Flow Rate Ratio (FRR) and Total Velocity Ratio (TVR). Additionally, a mixture interaction approach was used to model the MNPs as a dispersed ferrofluid phase. This was compared with a particle tracing approach where MNPs are considered individual entities subjected to hydrodynamic forces. The results show efficiencies between 60% and 90% for both separation methods, which confirms their feasibility to improve and optimize the purification of MLs in a high throughput manner.

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Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Ferrofluid in Partially Heated Closed Rectangular Microchannel Tube Under Non-uniform Magnetic Field

Kumar,

Raj,

Dhiman

2024

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Numerical Analysis Of Heat Transfer Parameters Using Ferrofluid

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Microfluidic Synthesis and Purification of Magnetoliposomes for Potential Applications in the Gastrointestinal Delivery of Difficult-to-Transport Drugs

Microfluidic Synthesis and Purification of Magnetoliposomes for Potential Applications in the Gastrointestinal Delivery of Difficult-to-Transport Drugs

In Silico Analysis of Microfluidic Systems for the Purification of Magnetoliposomes

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Ferrofluid in Partially Heated Closed Rectangular Microchannel Tube Under Non-uniform Magnetic Field

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