Numerical Analysis of Pollutant Formation in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines by Incorporating the G-Equation with a Flamelet Library

Kim, Joohan; Kim, Gyujin; Lee, Hoon; Min, Kyoungdoug

doi:10.4271/2014-01-1145

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The engine results lacked validations from experimental measurements or optical diagnostics. Particularly, the study demonstrated that soot formation was mainly a post-flame phenomenon within GDI engine configurations as also indicated in previous works [212], [213]. Continuation of the work was reported recently by Puduppakkam et al [220] to predict soot emission of GDI engines.…”

Section: Soot Modeling Of Gdi Enginessupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Meanwhile, the adaption of multi-step phenomenological models for soot modeling in GDI engines was seen in the works by Kwon et al [212] and Kim et al [213] who combined flamelet models for premixed and diffusion flames within GDI engine setups. Kwon et al…”

Section: Soot Modeling Of Gdi Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was because higher intake pressure was associated with higher in-cylinder temperature which favored the formation of soot radical and growth species [212]. Following a relatively similar approach for combustion modeling, Kim et al [213] integrated a flame kernel development model with the G-equation model to characterize the turbulent flame propagation. As the multi-step soot model of Fusco et al [217] was suited for non-premixed combustion, a four-step phenomenological soot model based on the concepts of El-Asrag et al [218] was applied for partially premixed combustion in GDI engines.…”

Section: Soot Modeling Of Gdi Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developments in computational fluid dynamics modelling of gasoline direct injection engine combustion and soot emission with chemical kinetic modelling

Tan¹,

Bonatesta²,

Ng³

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Designed to inject gasoline fuel directly into the combustion chamber, gasoline direct injection (GDI) combustion systems are gaining popularity among the automotive industry. This is because GDI engines offer less pumping and heat losses, enhanced fuel economy and improved transient response. Nonetheless, the technology is often associated with the emission of ultra-fine particulate matter (PM) to the atmosphere. With the increasingly stringent emission regulations, detailed understanding of PM formation within GDI engine configurations is very crucial. To complement the findings based on experimental and optical techniques, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling has been widely utilized to study the in-cylinder physical and chemical events. The success of CFD simulations also requires an accurate representation of gasoline fuel kinetics. Set against the background, the present review reports on the recent developments in chemical kinetic modeling of gasoline fuels and CFD numerical studies for GDI engines emphasizing the combustion and emission stages. Regarding fuel kinetics, the use of primary reference fuel (PRF) and ternary reference fuel (TRF) mechanisms is evaluated. In addition, the current trend portrays a progression towards multi-component surrogate models to account for the complex mixture of practical fuels. It is however observed that many reaction mechanisms proposed in the literature are validated under homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine conditions rather than GDI-related ones. CFD modeling of GDI engines typically covers the simulations of spray, mixture formation and combustion processes. Progress in combustion modeling for both homogeneous and stratified charge modes is discussed thoroughly. Still in its infancy, soot modeling studies for GDI engines are reviewed in which several soot models adapted are appraised. The majority of soot models have been previously applied in diesel combustion systems and flame configurations. Significant efforts are currently carried out to improve the model predictions of soot emission from GDI engines.

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Section: Soot Modeling Of Gdi Enginessupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Soot Modeling Of Gdi Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soot Modeling Of Gdi Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Developments in computational fluid dynamics modelling of gasoline direct injection engine combustion and soot emission with chemical kinetic modelling

Tan¹,

Bonatesta²,

Ng³

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…44 Although the mathematical derivation of the variance equation has been questioned in Lipatnikov and Sabel’nikov, 49 and a significant under-prediction of the mean flame brush thickness was reported in Herrmann, 27 the G -equation framework has nonetheless shown considerable success when applied to IC engine combustion in previous studies. 26,50–56 Since detailed investigations into G variance modelling are well beyond the scope of the present investigation, the default formulation has therefore been adopted in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of combustion in a gas engine ignited using a small un-scavenged pre-chamber

Wright

Schiliro

et al. 2018

International Journal of Engine Research

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Prechamber ignition technology receives increasing attention due to its considerable improvement on engine combustion efficiency and stability. However, fundamental knowledge concerning flame propagation inside the pre-chamber and jet formation in the main chamber is still quite scarce. In this study, a small (<0.5% VTDC) un-scavenged pre-chamber was tested in a medium size gas engine with pressure transducers installed in both pre- and main chamber. Three-dimensional computational reactive fluid dynamics Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations were carried out using a level-set combustion model –G-equation – towards improved understanding of the combustion processes occurring inside the pre and main chamber. The characteristics of the turbulence and the flame at locations just ahead of the propagating turbulent flame front were recorded and analysed by means of the well-known Borghi–Peters diagram. The results revealed that the characteristics of the flame inside the pre-chamber differed greatly from those inside the main chamber due to considerably reduced turbulent length scales. In addition, a wide range of turbulence intensity and length scales are covered throughout the combustion event, presenting a significant challenge to modelling of flame–turbulence interaction. Various turbulent flame speed ( ST) closures widely used in internal combustion engine simulation were therefore assessed and the ranges of their respective model constants explored. A correlation for ST is subsequently proposed by blending two formulations of Gülder developed for small and large scale turbulence, respectively, and compared to the well-known Peters correlation. With appropriate model constants, both successfully reproduce the pre and main chamber combustion for the reference case in terms of evolutions of cylinder pressure, heat release rate and pressure difference between pre and main chamber. Following successful calibration of the reference operating condition, variations in engine speed, load, spark timing and lambda were calculated using both correlations, demonstrating encouraging predictive capabilities of the proposed modelling strategy.

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CFD-Simulation of Ignition and Combustion in Lean Burn Gas Engines

Hanauer

Wright

et al. 2016

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Numerical Analysis of Pollutant Formation in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines by Incorporating the G-Equation with a Flamelet Library

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Developments in computational fluid dynamics modelling of gasoline direct injection engine combustion and soot emission with chemical kinetic modelling

Developments in computational fluid dynamics modelling of gasoline direct injection engine combustion and soot emission with chemical kinetic modelling

Characterization of combustion in a gas engine ignited using a small un-scavenged pre-chamber

CFD-Simulation of Ignition and Combustion in Lean Burn Gas Engines

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