Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Binary Typhoons on Ocean Surface Waves in Waters Surrounding Taiwan

Abstract

The ocean surface waves during Super Typhoons Maria (2018), Lekima (2019), and Meranti (2016) were reproduced using hybrid typhoon winds and a fully coupled wave-tide-circulation modeling system (SCHISM-WWM-III). The hindcasted significant wave heights are in good agreement with the along-track significant wave heights measured by the altimeters aboard the SARAL (Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa) and Jason-2 satellites. Two numerical experiments pairing Super Typhoons Maria (2018) and Meranti (2016) and Super Typhoons Lekima (2019) and Meranti (2016) were conducted to analyze the storm wave characteristics of binary and individual typhoons. Four points located near the tracks of the three super typhoons were selected to elucidate the effects of binary typhoons on ocean surface waves. The comparisons indicate that binary typhoons not only cause an increase in the significant wave height simulations at four selected pints but also result in increases in the one-dimensional wave energy and two-dimensional directional wave spectra. Our results also reveal that the effects of binary typhoons on ocean surface waves are more significant at the periphery of the typhoon than near the center of the typhoon. The interactions between waves generated by Super Typhoons Maria (2018) and Meranti (2016) or Super Typhoons Lekima (2019) and Meranti (2016) might be diminished by Taiwan Island even if the separation distance between two typhoons is <700 km.

Indirect Effects of Binary Typhoons on an Extreme Rainfall Event in Henan Province, China From 19 to 21 July 2021: 2. Numerical Study

“…As discussed in Part 1 (Xu et al., 2022), distance is a useful criterion in observational statistics to determine whether tropical cyclones are interacting. However, the critical distance is very different in different studies, ranging from 500 to 1600 km (Chang et al., 2021), as a result of the large differences in typhoon size and intensity. For example, the critical distance in E.‐J.…”

“…Cha et al., 2021). As one tropical cyclone approaches a second, its track, intensity wave and the distribution of precipitation are all affected by their interactions (Brand, 1970; Carr & Elsberry, 1998; Carr et al., 1997; Chang et al., 2021; Dong & Neumann, 1983; Jang & Chun, 2015a; Yang et al., 2008). The interactions between multiple tropical cyclones and the environmental flow are highly complex and the accurate prediction of extreme rainfall events influenced by binary typhoons remains challenging (Jang & Chun, 2015b; Shin et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2008).…”

Assessment of future possible maximum flooding extent in the midwestern coastal region of Taiwan resulting from sea-level rise and land subsidence

“…Due to its high efficiency, numerical robustness, and multipurpose applications, the SCHISM and SCHISMlike models have been successfully applied to investigate the fate and transport of fecal coliform contamination, and residence time in a tidal estuarine system [27,28], predict the extent of coastal flooding induced by a combination of storm surges and SLR [13,14,29], and assess the tidal current power at a small island [30]. The SCHISM is also an extendable mathematical model that is applicable for investigating the nonlinear interactions among tides, surges, waves, and currents when coupled with a wind-wave model [31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Development of Storm Surge Inundation Model and Database for Enhanced Climate Services in Bangladesh

“…However, a majority of these studies focused on the information from one or two real storms or only on modeling the surge heights along the coast. In addition, recent studies have shown the importance of relevant parameterization for wind forcing in simulating storm surge in the East Asia (Yu et al, 2019;Hsiao et al, 2020;Chang et al, 2021). For example, Hsiao et al (2020) and Chang et al (2021) applied temporally and spatially varying wind fields to improve the hindcast of storm surge.…”

“…In addition, recent studies have shown the importance of relevant parameterization for wind forcing in simulating storm surge in the East Asia (Yu et al, 2019;Hsiao et al, 2020;Chang et al, 2021). For example, Hsiao et al (2020) and Chang et al (2021) applied temporally and spatially varying wind fields to improve the hindcast of storm surge. Yu et al (2019) simulated the highest storm tide level for the past 122 storm surges in Taiwan, which not only generated a large surge database but also offered useful insights into the design and development of coastal flood protection infrastructure.…”