Numerical and experimental investigation of breaking wave forces on a monopile-type offshore wind turbine

Zeng, Xinmeng; Shi, Wei; Michailides, Constantine; Zhang, Songhao; Li, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.009

Cited by 48 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The conventional experimental setup related to breaking waves suggests using a slope whose width is same as that of the flume [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], which is unachievable when the currents are introduced. The width of the slope has to be smaller than that of the flume in this study, in order to not only allow the current to pass by easily, but also generate the breaking waves.…”

Section: Laboratory Experiments 21 Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, two wave gauges (WG, model number: YWH200-D) were used to measure the wave heights with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz, while the surface velocities were measured by acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV, model number: Vectrino Plus) with the same frequency. The conventional experimental setup related to breaking waves suggests using a slope whose width is same as that of the flume [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], which is unachievable when the currents are introduced. The width of the slope has to be smaller than that of the flume in this study, in order to not only allow the current to pass by easily, but also generate the breaking waves.…”

Section: Laboratory Experiments 21 Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Currents on the Breaking Wave Forces Acting on Monopiles over an Impermeable Slope

Liu

2022

Sustainability

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It is known that the wave breaking process is significantly affected by a current, but little attention has been paid to the effect of wave–current interaction on the breaking wave forces acting on a monopile. This study presented a total of 88 flume tests, among which solitary and regular breaking waves were generated with a following current. The waves propagated over an impermeable slope and induced impulsive loads on a vertical monopile. The moments on the monopile were measured utilizing a high-precision load cell, and the effect of current velocities on the peak moment was analyzed. Test results indicate that there was an obvious nonlinear effect between breaking waves and a following current. For solitary waves, a following current accelerated the breaking process, leading to an increase by 274.21% at maximum in breaking wave forces. However, for regular waves, both the wave heights and the reversing flow were restricted with the increasing velocity of a following current, delaying the wave breaking process; under the regular test conditions, the moment on the pile decreased by 65.25% at maximum.

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Section: Laboratory Experiments 21 Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Experiments 21 Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Currents on the Breaking Wave Forces Acting on Monopiles over an Impermeable Slope

Liu

2022

Sustainability

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“…This is a critical issue for the reliable design of the offshore wind turbine foundations. In the literature, several studies are available that utilize CFD simulations to examine the monopile-type foundation in breaking waves, [23][24][25] analyze the slamming effects, 26,27 investigate the flow and scour around the monopile 28,29 and identify the second-order hydrodynamic loads. 30,31 The high-fidelity simulations provide an accurate solution yet demand expensive computational cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical modeling of fully nonlinear hydrodynamic loads on offshore wind turbine monopile foundations using wave episodes and targeted CFD simulations through active sampling

Guth,

Katsidoniotaki,

Sapsis

2023

Wind Energy

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Accurately determining hydrodynamic force statistics is crucial for designing offshore engineering structures, including offshore wind turbine foundations, due to the significant impact of nonlinear wave–structure interactions. However, obtaining precise load statistics often involves computationally intensive simulations. Furthermore, the estimation of statistics using current practices is subject to ongoing discussion due to the inherent uncertainty involved. To address these challenges, we present a novel machine learning framework that leverages data‐driven surrogate modeling to predict hydrodynamic loads on monopile foundations while reducing reliance on costly simulations and facilitate the load statistics reconstruction. The primary advantage of our approach is the significant reduction in evaluation time compared to traditional modeling methods. The novelty of our framework lies in its efficient construction of the surrogate model, utilizing the Gaussian process regression machine learning technique and a Bayesian active learning method to sequentially sample wave episodes that contribute to accurate predictions of extreme hydrodynamic forces. Additionally, a spectrum transfer technique combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results from both quiescent and extreme waves, further reducing data requirements. This study focuses on reducing the dimensionality of stochastic irregular wave episodes and their associated hydrodynamic force time series. Although the dimensionality reduction is linear, Gaussian process regression successfully captures high‐order correlations. Furthermore, our framework incorporates built‐in uncertainty quantification capabilities, facilitating efficient parameter sampling using traditional CFD tools. This paper provides comprehensive implementation details and demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in delivering reliable statistics for hydrodynamic loads while overcoming the computational cost constraints associated with classical modeling methods.

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“…Wind energy availability in the ocean at water depths larger than 50 m has the advantages of consistent higher energy density, where the floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is considered as a more cost-effective alternative compared to the fixed-bottom wind turbines such as monopiles or jacket type designs. As of 2019, a total of 65.7 MW floating wind has been installed worldwide (GWEC, 2020;Zeng et al, 2021), including the WindFloat Atlantic, a 25-MW floating offshore wind farm installed 20 km offshore Viana do Castelo, Portugal (EDP, 2021); a 2- MW Ideol Damping Pool FOWT of Floatgen project at France (Ideol, 2021); the Hywind Scotland 30-MW windfarm installed 25 km away from the coastline of Peterhead (Equinor, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic analysis of a multi-column TLP floating offshore wind turbine with tendon failure scenarios

2022

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Numerical and experimental investigation of breaking wave forces on a monopile-type offshore wind turbine

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Influence of Currents on the Breaking Wave Forces Acting on Monopiles over an Impermeable Slope

Influence of Currents on the Breaking Wave Forces Acting on Monopiles over an Impermeable Slope

Statistical modeling of fully nonlinear hydrodynamic loads on offshore wind turbine monopile foundations using wave episodes and targeted CFD simulations through active sampling

Dynamic analysis of a multi-column TLP floating offshore wind turbine with tendon failure scenarios

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