“…The separated flow approach remains relatively reliable especially considering its popularity for pressure drop modeling. The latter is notably used for the estimation of frictional pressure drop in the straight pipes (Muzychka and Awad, 2010;Sassi et al, 2020, Arabi et al, 2021a, as well as for the estimation of the pressure drop generated by the presence of different kinds of singularity, such as the bend (Azzi et al, 2000;Azzi and Friedel, 2005;Hayashi et al, 2020), the orifice (Zeghloul et al, 2017), the multi-hole orifice (Zeghloul et al, 2018), the gate and ball valves (Zeghloul et al, 2020), the pump valve (Ma et al, 2020), the Venturi (Messilem et al, 2020) or the static mixer (Hosni et al, 2023). The liquid pressure recovery of the model of Chisholm and Sutherland (1969) is calculated using the Borda-Carnot formula based on the momentum equation.…”