Numerical and Experimental Study of a Jet-and-Recirculation Stabilized Low Calorific Combustor for a Hybrid Power Plant

Grimm, Felix; Lingstädt, Timo; Kutne, Peter; Aigner, Manfred

doi:10.3390/en14030537

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In terms of heat loss application to the ERN, it can be stated that values between 20 and 30% with respect to overall fuel energy content give the best agreement with experimental findings for NOx and towards 40% heat loss application for CO prediction. As shown in preceding studies, those fractions represent realistic values [49].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Shown are emissions simulation results compared with experimental data for NOx and CO over air-fuel number λ for different degrees of reactor network model fidelities. For each study, the applied heat loss is varied in a sensible range for atmospheric testing [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N: number of PSR reactors. Variation of system heat loss in sensible ranges for atmospheric testing[49] with respect to overall fuel energy content.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Order Reactor-Network-Based Prediction of Pollutant Emissions Applied to FLOX® Combustion

Grimm

2022

Energies

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Prediction of pollutant emissions is a key aspect of modern combustor design in energy conversion systems. In the presented work, a simple and robust model based on low-order reaction networks is applied to a FLOX® laboratory combustor at atmospheric conditions. The applied approach is computationally cheap and therefore highly suited for design studies. Steady-state CFD RANS simulations are carried out, serving as a basis for the network generation algorithm. CFD results are validated with experimental data for flow field and combustion. Different degrees of fidelity of reactor network models are taken into consideration and findings are opposed to measurements, evaluating the quality of the low-fidelity models. Validation of CO and NOx emission results of reactor network modeling provides accurate qualitative and quantitative reproduction of experimental findings, depending on the degree of heat loss applied on the combustion system. The introduced approach is therefore readily applicable to large-scale, industrial, and gas turbine combustion.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Order Reactor-Network-Based Prediction of Pollutant Emissions Applied to FLOX® Combustion

Grimm

2022

Energies

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“…For example, off-gas volumetric compositions with up to 18% H 2 in low fuel utilization rate SOFCs , lead to adiabatic equilibrium temperatures (for an initial temperature of 1073 K and equivalence ratio of 0.90 in air) of up to 1900 K, thus endangering the catalyst and reactor integrity. In such cases, lower equivalence ratios must be considered or other combustion methodologies as reviewed in the Introduction , can be implemented.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous and Combined Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Combustion Modeling of SOFC Off-Gases

Arumugam

Mantzaras

2022

J. Phys. Chem. A

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The heterogeneous (catalytic) and the hetero-/homogeneous (catalytic and gas-phase) combustion processes of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) off-gases with compositions typical of a high cell utilization rate are investigated with high-fidelity 2D simulations in a platinum-coated planar channel using detailed hetero-/homogeneous chemistry. The pressures are 1–8 bar; the reactant streams have volumetric H2 and CO contents 0.7–1.5 and 5.3–9.7%, respectively; H2O and CO2 dilutions are ∼40 and ∼50%, respectively; and the global fuel/air equivalence ratio is 0.90. Water inhibits chemically the catalytic oxidation of H2, as it leads to high H(s) surface coverage that favors the recombinative desorption of H(s) to H2. On the other hand, H2O promotes chemically the catalytic oxidation of CO by creating high OH(s) coverage that in turn accelerates the CO consumption. Strong flames are established at the highest H2 content cases and for pressures p ≥ 3 bar. For all cases with vigorous homogeneous combustion, the catalytic and gas-phase reaction pathways coexist and compete with each other for the consumption of H2 and CO. The large H2O content leads to gas-phase production of H2 via the reaction H2O + H = H2 + OH. However, the gas-phase produced H2 is subsequently consumed by the catalytic pathway, such that nearly complete H2 conversion is attained at the reactor outlet. Gaseous chemistry does not affect the reactor lengths required for complete H2 conversion but substantially reduces the corresponding lengths for CO conversion. The H2 emissions decrease with increasing pressure and are in the range 8–110 ppmv, while the CO emissions increase with rising pressure and span the range 0.3–52 ppmv, thus leading to corrected CO emissions (at 15% O2) of less than 15 ppmv. Finally, the peak wall temperatures are largely acceptable in terms of catalyst thermal stability.

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“…Here, the DLR institute of combustion technology has a deep expertise in the development, system integration, and operating behaviour in FLOX-based gas turbine combustion systems for stationary power supply [9][10][11][12][13]. The FLOX-based technology was chosen as it showed in many projects [14][15][16][17] advantages in NO x emission levels, robustness towards thermo-acoustics, lean blow-off limits as well as fuel flexibility compared to swirlstabilized concepts. Even though this technology is not yet present in aircraft gas turbines, recent projects aim to transfer this technology into the aircraft application to utilize these benefits [18].…”

Section: Advanced Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Impact Reduction Potentials of Synthetic Kerosene and Green Hydrogen Powered Mid-Range Aircraft Concepts

et al. 2022

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One of aviation’s major challenges for the upcoming decades is the reduction in its climate impact. As synthetic kerosene and green hydrogen are two promising candidates, their potentials in decreasing the climate impact is investigated for the mid-range segment. Evolutionary advancements for 2040 are applied, first with an conventional and second with an advanced low-NOx and low-soot combustion chamber. Experts and methods from all relevant disciplines are involved, starting from combustion, turbofan engine, overall aircraft design, fleet level, and climate impact assessment, allowing a sophisticated and holistic evaluation. The main takeaway is that both energy carriers have the potential to strongly reduce the fleet level climate impact by more than 75% compared with the reference. Applying a flight-level constraint of 290 and a cruise Mach number of 0.75, causing 5% higher average Direct Operating Costs (DOC), the reduction is even more than 85%. The main levers to achieve this are the advanced combustion chamber, an efficient contrail avoidance strategy, in this case a pure flight-level constraint, and the use of CO2 neutral energy carrier, in a descending priority order. Although vehicle efficiency gains only lead to rather low impact reduction, they are very important to compensate the increased costs of synthetic fuels or green hydrogen.

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Numerical and Experimental Study of a Jet-and-Recirculation Stabilized Low Calorific Combustor for a Hybrid Power Plant

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Low-Order Reactor-Network-Based Prediction of Pollutant Emissions Applied to FLOX® Combustion

Low-Order Reactor-Network-Based Prediction of Pollutant Emissions Applied to FLOX® Combustion

Heterogeneous and Combined Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Combustion Modeling of SOFC Off-Gases

Climate Impact Reduction Potentials of Synthetic Kerosene and Green Hydrogen Powered Mid-Range Aircraft Concepts

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