Numerical Approach to Compute the Power Flow Solution of Hybrid Generation, Transmission and Distribution Systems

Abstract

We consider the formulation of hybrid three-phase, three-sequence models of distribution systems and single-phase, three-sequence models of generation and transmission systems to compute the power flow solution. The term hybrid refers to formulations of modern power systems that mix electronic equipment such as HVDC links and that consider converter-connected loads and generators with conventional electro-mechanical elements such as for example synchronous generators and turbine governors. The target of hybrid formulations is to allow the simulation of the entire mixed power system. In this paper we specifically consider the computation of the power flow solution of hybrid power systems. We propose a systematic approach to correctly link different models and to compute the power flow solution with an acceptable accuracy level.

Application of Envelope-Following Techniques to the Simulation of Hybrid Power Systems

“…The steady-state solution of power systems such as those in Fig. 1 and described using this mathematical formalism is not constant but oscillates at least in the three-phase model and it may do so in the single-phase model as well if there are negative components or harmonics [14]. It reduces to the well-known power flow (PF) solution when the ESS is not present.…”

“…11. A detailed description of the solar plant and connectors can be found in [14]: briefly, the proportional-integral (PI) control block labeled PI 2 senses the v dc input voltage of the VSC and acts on the ı d ref signal (d-axis reference current) so that v dc is kept at v ref . The DC-side of the VSC is connected to the DC/DC converter that transfers power from solar panels of the photovoltaic plant.…”

“…The envelope-following method (EFM) we propose builds on previous works [13], [14], in which we showed how to efficiently interface the single-phase and three-phase portions of the full system and how to initialize them. Here, we describe how to perform simulations either with a conventional transient analysis or with the EFM [15]- [19], which, as we will see, greatly reduces the time to solution.…”

A novel MILP‐Newton approach for power flow analysis

“…Among such tools, AC-Power Flow (AC-PF) algorithms are widely employed in power systems analysis. The arising of new technologies such as distributed generation and hybrid systems has presented new challenges for this research topic, making the power flow an important research topic even today [1,2]. Newton-like algorithms for AC-PF computations became standard in practice, because they often provide, fast and accurately, the steady state variables for the operator [3].…”

“…Among such tools, AC-Power Flow (AC-PF) algorithms are widely employed in power systems analysis. The arising of new technologies such as distributed generation and hybrid systems has presented new challenges for this research topic, making the power flow an important research topic even today [1,2].…”