2014
DOI: 10.1002/2013wr014943
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Numerical assessment of potential impacts of hydraulically fractured Bowland Shale on overlying aquifers

Abstract: Natural gas extracted from hydraulically fractured shale formations potentially has a big impact on the global energy landscape. However, there are concerns of potential environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing of the shale formations, particularly those related to water quality. To evaluate the potential impact of hydraulically fractured shale on overlying aquifers, we conduct realizations of numerical modeling simulations to assess fluid flow and chloride transport from a synthetic Bowland Shale over a … Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(40 citation statements)
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“…Thus, we 10 −16 to 10 −9 (Gassiat et al 2013;Cai and Ofterdinger 2014) 10 −10 to 10 −11 (Miskimins 2008) anticipate, and indeed expect, that future work will build upon this and other similar frameworks, as new data and understanding comes to light. This is imperative for improving scientific, technical, and engineering understanding and practice, regulation, public education, as well as to direct future research.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…Thus, we 10 −16 to 10 −9 (Gassiat et al 2013;Cai and Ofterdinger 2014) 10 −10 to 10 −11 (Miskimins 2008) anticipate, and indeed expect, that future work will build upon this and other similar frameworks, as new data and understanding comes to light. This is imperative for improving scientific, technical, and engineering understanding and practice, regulation, public education, as well as to direct future research.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…Pressure evolution over time for HVHF wells based on numbers from Shapiro and Dinske (), Cai and Ofterdinger (), Edwards and Celia (), and EOR/SWD wells based on Atkinson et al (), IHS Energy (), Oklahoma Corporation Commission (), and Peterie et al ().…”
Section: Evolution Of Reservoir Pressuresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is well-understood that exploitation of the gas by means of hydraulic fracturing technology would be irresponsible at depths less than roughly 500 m below the surface, since this would entail potentially harvesting the gas within the depth of the natural potable, meteoric water-derived reservoirs of the Karoo. In addition, lithostatic pressures (rock overburden) above even 1 -1.5 km below the surface may not be sufficient to eliminate induced connectivity between the hydraulically stimulated shale gas reservoirs and the shallow water reservoirs, because fractures generated during hydraulic fracturing may extend upwards from the shale reservoir by up to 300 -600 m, albeit generally much less, especially at shallow fracking levels (Maxwell, 2011;Fisher, 2014;Cai and Ofterdinger, 2014). Therefore, those regions where gas-shales occur at less than 1 -1.5 km depth below surface, and even if rich, should be avoided, at least until fracking and casing technologies improve.…”
Section: Towards a Rigorous Scientific Exploration Programme For Gas-mentioning
confidence: 99%