Numerical calculation of the temperature distribution and evolution of the field-ion emitter under pulsed and continuous-wave laser irradiation

Liu, H. F.; Liu, H. M.; Tsong, Tien T.

doi:10.1063/1.336527

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Numerous authors have constructed one-dimensional models to determine the time-varying temperature profile of the specimen tip when it is irradiated with a pulsed laser Cerezo & Smith, 1987;Liu et al, 1986;Seidman & Scanlan, 1971;Vurpillot et al, 2006!. An underlying assumption of these models is that the temperature equilibrates across the specimen very rapidly and subsequently only varies along the axial direction, even when the specimen is illuminated from the side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Pulsed-Laser Atom Probe: Instrument and Specimen Design for Optimum Performance

et al. 2007

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The performance of the pulsed-laser atom probe can be limited by both instrument and specimen factors. The experiments described in this article were designed to identify these factors so as to provide direction for further instrument and specimen development. Good agreement between voltage-pulsed and laser-pulsed data is found when the effective pulse fraction is less than 0.2 for pulsed-laser mode. Under the conditions reported in this article, the thermal tails of the peaks in the mass spectra did not show any significant change when produced with either a 10-ps or a 120-fs pulsed-laser source. Mass resolving power generally improves as the laser spot size and laser wavelength are decreased and as the specimen tip radius, specimen taper angle, and thermal diffusivity of the specimen material are increased. However, it is shown that two of the materials used in this study, aluminum and stainless steel, depend on these factors differently. A one-dimensional heat flow model is explored to explain these differences. The model correctly predicts the behavior of the aluminum samples, but breaks down for the stainless steel samples when the tip radius is large. A more accurate three-dimensional model is needed to overcome these discrepancies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Pulsed-Laser Atom Probe: Instrument and Specimen Design for Optimum Performance

et al. 2007

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“…However, the apparent carbon concentrations are nearly 25 at% without any correction for detection loss in the pulsed laser atom probe, indicating that very little detection loss occurs. The tip surface temperature at the time of field evaporation is sufficiently high by pulse laser irradiation (Liu et al, 1986; Marquis & Gault, 2008), which significantly reduces detection loss. The number of carbon atoms composed of molecular ions increases at high temperatures.…”

Section: Carbon Analysis Of θ-Fe3cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…irradiation (Liu et al, 1986;Marquis & Gault, 2008), which significantly reduces detection loss. The number of carbon atoms composed of molecular ions increases at high temperatures.…”

Section: Pulsed Laser Atom Probementioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Quantitative Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen in Stoichiometric θ-Fe₃C and γ′-Fe₄N by Atom Probe Tomography

2020

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The quantitative analysis performance of carbon and nitrogen was investigated using stoichiometric θ-Fe3C (25 at% C) and γ′-Fe4N (~20 at% N) precipitates in pulsed voltage and pulsed laser atom probes. The dependencies of specimen temperature, pulse fraction, and laser pulse energy on the apparent concentrations of carbon and nitrogen were measured. Good coincidence with 25 at% carbon concentration in θ-Fe3C was obtained for the pulsed voltage atom probe by considering the mean number of carbon atoms per ion at 24 Da and the detection loss of iron, while better coincidence was obtained for the pulsed laser atom probe by considering only the mean number of carbon at 24 Da. On the other hand, a lack of nitrogen concentration in γ′-Fe4N was observed for the two atom probes. In particular, the pulsed laser atom probe showed a significant lack of nitrogen concentration. This implies that a large amount of 14N2+ was obscured by the main iron peak of 56Fe2+ at 28 Da in the mass-to-charge spectrum. Regarding preferential evaporation or retention, carbon in θ-Fe3C exhibited little of either, but nitrogen in γ′-Fe4N exhibited definite preferential retention. This result can be explained by the large difference in ionization energy between carbon and nitrogen.

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“…The tip was then illuminated with the 1064 nm beam and the beam placement was verified using an infrared viewer. It has been shown that FIM tips heated by a continuous wave laser reach the final temperature on µs time scales [40]. Because the tip was not incandescent during heating, the optical pyrometer could not be used to determine the tip temperature.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures For Diffusion Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of atomic exchange during surface self-diffusion

Koppa

Schwoebel

2020

Surface Science

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Numerical calculation of the temperature distribution and evolution of the field-ion emitter under pulsed and continuous-wave laser irradiation

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inQuantum-dot laser with a metal-coated waveguide under continuous-wave operation at room temperature

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Advances in Pulsed-Laser Atom Probe: Instrument and Specimen Design for Optimum Performance

Advances in Pulsed-Laser Atom Probe: Instrument and Specimen Design for Optimum Performance

Study on Quantitative Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen in Stoichiometric θ-Fe₃C and γ′-Fe₄N by Atom Probe Tomography

Direct observation of atomic exchange during surface self-diffusion

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Numerical calculation of the temperature distribution and evolution of the field-ion emitter under pulsed and continuous-wave laser irradiation

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inQuantum-dot laser with a metal-coated waveguide under continuous-wave operation at room temperature

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Advances in Pulsed-Laser Atom Probe: Instrument and Specimen Design for Optimum Performance

Advances in Pulsed-Laser Atom Probe: Instrument and Specimen Design for Optimum Performance

Study on Quantitative Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen in Stoichiometric θ-Fe3C and γ′-Fe4N by Atom Probe Tomography

Direct observation of atomic exchange during surface self-diffusion

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Study on Quantitative Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen in Stoichiometric θ-Fe₃C and γ′-Fe₄N by Atom Probe Tomography