Numerical characterization of acid fracture wall etching morphology and experimental investigation on sensitivity factors in carbonate reservoirs

Kong, Xiangwei; Shi, Xian; Xie, Guangyu

doi:10.1016/j.geoen.2024.212762

Geoenergy Science and Engineering

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.geoen.2024.212762

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Numerical characterization of acid fracture wall etching morphology and experimental investigation on sensitivity factors in carbonate reservoirs

Xiangwei Kong,

Xian Shi,

Guangyu Xie

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Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

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Numerical investigation into the acid flow and reaction behavior in the tight, naturally fractured carbonate reservoir during acid fracturing

Gao,

Mou,

et al. 2024

Physics of Fluids

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Tight naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs require acid fracturing to build the connectivity between the wellbore and natural fractures (NFs), where hydrocarbon is stored. The high leakoff nature of the NF complicates the acid flow and etching pattern, raising the difficulty in acid fracturing design and optimization. To explore the acid flow and reaction behavior in such reservoirs, an acid fracturing model accounting for the NF distribution is developed, which consists of a fracture surface characterization model, a fracture propagation model, and an acid-etching model. Based on the model, the effects of injection parameters and the NF properties on the effectiveness of acid fracturing are investigated. Then, strategies for acid fracturing the tight naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs are proposed. Results show that high pumping rates and retarded acids with low hydrogen ion (H+) diffusion coefficient is conducive to achieving a long acid penetration distance, while a low pumping rate and acids with a high H+ diffusion coefficient facilitates the NF etching. Therefore, a large stimulated area can be achieved by applying a multi-stage alternating injection of the crosslinked acid with a high pumping rate followed by the gelled acid with a low injection rate. NFs impact acid fracturing in two distinct ways: enhancing the non-uniform etching of the fracture surface and reducing the effective acid-etched fracture length through high leakoff. When NF density is high, leakoff control techniques should be employed; and when the NF inclination is high, non-uniform etching techniques should be used to generate acid-etched channels in flow barriers.

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Numerical investigation into the acid flow and reaction behavior in the tight, naturally fractured carbonate reservoir during acid fracturing

Gao,

Mou,

et al. 2024

Physics of Fluids

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Modeling Complex Interactions Between Acid–Rock Reactions and Fracture Propagation in Heterogeneous Layered Formations

Zeng,

Li,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Water

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Acid fracturing is essential in enhancing recovery efficiency, especially within carbonate reservoirs. Although extensive studies have been conducted on hydraulic fracturing, understanding the intricate dynamics between acid–rock reactions and fracture propagation in heterogeneous layered reservoirs remains limited. This study employs a comprehensive coupled hydro-mechanical-chemical flow framework to investigate acid fracturing processes in layered geological formations. The model incorporates a two-stage homogenization approach to account for rock heterogeneity, a dual-scale continuum framework for fluid flow and acid transport, and a phase field method for examining fracture propagation. We thoroughly examine how treatment parameters, particularly acid concentration and injection rate, affect fracture propagation modes. The analysis identifies three distinct propagation patterns: crossing, diversion, and arresting. These are influenced by the interplay between pressure buildup and wormhole formation. Initially, higher acid concentration aids in fracture crossing by lowering the peak pressure required for initiation, but excessive concentration results in arresting because it causes extensive wormhole development, which reduces fluid pressure. Similarly, the injection rate plays a crucial role in fracture movement across layer interfaces, with moderate rates optimizing propagation by balancing pressure and wormhole growth. This comprehensive modeling framework serves as a valuable prediction and control tool for acid fracture behavior in complex layered formations.

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Numerical characterization of acid fracture wall etching morphology and experimental investigation on sensitivity factors in carbonate reservoirs

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Numerical investigation into the acid flow and reaction behavior in the tight, naturally fractured carbonate reservoir during acid fracturing

Numerical investigation into the acid flow and reaction behavior in the tight, naturally fractured carbonate reservoir during acid fracturing

Modeling Complex Interactions Between Acid–Rock Reactions and Fracture Propagation in Heterogeneous Layered Formations

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