Numerical Estimation of the Sea Wave in a Typhoon Area

Abstract

Characteristics of waves in a typhoon area were estimated by our numerical ocean wave prediction model. Wave height distribution and two-dimensional wave spectra at various points in the area are obtained. Wave characteristics along the coast when a typhoon hits the land and wave characteristics when a typhoon moves along parabolic coursc are also obtained.Wave height distribution is somewhat different from that of IJIMA, et al. (1967) in areas where a swell is dominant. The highest wave height in a typhoon area and its variation with the forward speed of the typhoon agree considerably well with those of UNOKI (1957).

Numerical hindcast of extreme waves

“…These range from the largely empirical (Bretschneider 1959;Ijima et al 1968;Ross 1976;Young 1988) to those based on solutions to radiative transfer equation (Patterson 1972;Bea 1974;Uji 1975;Cardone et al 1977). Indeed, models have been used by Donoso et al (1987) and Young (1988) to generate synthetic hurricane wave databases, which span a comprehensive range of hurricane wind field parameters.…”

A Numerical Simulation of an Occurrence of Extreme Sea States within a Typhoon

“…This would seem to indicate that there is a critical speed of movement, at about 7.7ms-1 in this instance, beyond which longer period components in the form of swell act to selectively reinforce the energy components being generated in the lower frequency winddriven bands. Ross and Cardone (1977) and Uji (1975) found that their spectral ocean wave models formed maximum wave heights with tropical cyclone forward speeds of movement near 15ms-1. From the sensitivity analysis indicated in Fig.…”

“…11, the maximum value seemed to level off nearer to 21ms-1. Because the Ross and Cardone (1977) and Uji (1975) results were deduced from an analysis of tropical cyclones much smaller than that of the typhoon input of Fig. 11, it appeared that storm size or wind distribution might also be a factor.…”

“…Cardone et al (1975) applied a spectral wave model to provide descriptions of wave patterns generated by hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. Uji (1975) numerically described wave characteristics and spectra of a model typhoon traveling at various speeds. Brand et al (1976Brand et al ( , 1977 described the parameterization characteristics for a series of model typhoons of various sizes, intensities, and movements.…”