Numerical experiments on ice-structure interaction in shallow water

Lemström, Ida; Polojärvi, Arttu; Tuhkuri, Jukka

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103088

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Here this type of protective effect, however, appeared to be weak: Both the mean and the peak horizontal loads applied on the bottom were 5 ⋯ 36% of those induced on the structure (Table 3). This result agrees well with the results from finite-discrete element simulations conducted by Lemström et al [4], who observed a ratio 𝐹 𝑏 𝑝 ∕𝐹 𝑝 of approximately 14% with a similar water depth to ice thickness ratio. Earlier work [1][2][3] suggests that a grounded rubble pile protects the structure from high ice loads.…”

Section: Grounding and Bottom Loadssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Sideways motion of the ice was constrained by vertical plexiglass panels on each side of the structure. The water depth was selected based on results from two-dimensional finite-discrete element simulations conducted by Lemström et al [4], so that the rubble pile would have room to grow, yet also ground in all experiments.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Lemström et al [4] discussed, the maximum ice loads are likely to occur in a pristine, continuous, ice loading process. The experiments here mimic this type of process.…”

Section: Grounding and Bottom Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such observations are from conditions, where freezing could have occurred between the ice blocks of the rubble. In a case of a pristine and continuous ice loading process with no consolidation, however, grounding may increase in magnitude of ice loads [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Model-scale tests on ice-structure interaction in shallow water: Global ice loads and the ice loading process

2022

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Laboratory-scale experiments on ice-structure interaction process in shallow water were performed by pushing a ten-meter-wide ice sheet against an inclined structure of the same width. Seven experiments were performed in three series: In one of the series, the compressive and flexural strengths were both about 50 kPa, in the two other test series the ice strength was two and four times higher. The ice thickness was about 50 mm in all experiments. The loading process showed two phases: the ice load on the structure (1) first increased linearly with a rate that was constant for all experiments, after which (2) the loading process reached a steady-state phase with approximately constant load. The magnitude of ice loads was not proportional to ice strength, as the weakest ice yielded higher loads than the ice having twice its strength. The ice rubble grounded in all experiments, but the bottom carried only a small portion of the load. The load records could be normalized by a factor combining the weight and the characteristic length of the intact ice. Based on the normalization, a model explaining the loading process was derived; the weight of the incoming ice has a dominant role during phase (1), while buckling explains the change in the process to phase (2) when the ice is strong enough. The loading process for the weakest ice was different from that for the other two ice types used. For example, instead of forming a rubble pile consisting of distinct ice blocks, weakest ice formed a dense pile of slush. The normalized ice load data highlighted the differences in the loading process.

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Section: Grounding and Bottom Loadssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Lemström et al [4] discussed, the maximum ice loads are likely to occur in a pristine, continuous, ice loading process. The experiments here mimic this type of process.…”

Section: Grounding and Bottom Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Model-scale tests on ice-structure interaction in shallow water: Global ice loads and the ice loading process

2022

Self Cite

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“…Then a mathematical model is established to determine the static ice load [ 15 , 16 ]. The advantage is that the known factors can be input into the model as parameters, but its theoretical calculations are complex, boundary conditions are not easy to measure, accuracy is low and real-time capability is bad [ 17 , 18 ]. The in-situ observation method needs to deploy some pressure sensors (such as biaxial stress sensors [ 19 ] and strain gauges [ 20 , 21 ]) in advance at the hydraulic facility, and the pressure variation data inside the ice layer can be obtained through manual timing observation and recording.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Ice Pressure Measuring System Based on Fiber Loop Ring-Down Spectroscopy and FPGA

Deng

Wang

Pan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Hydraulic engineering built in the cold region, such as reservoirs and hydropower stations, is often threatened by static ice pressure from nature. Therefore, it is of vital significance to research the pressure variation in the growth and melting processes of the ice layer for the design and protection of hydraulic structures in cold regions. This paper introduces an optical fiber sensor system based on the fiber loop ring-down spectroscopy technology and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) pulse modulation technology. An electro-optic modulation scheme that relied on FPGA to generate optical pulses with adjustable pulse width and period is proposed, which is more suitable for the in-situ observation. In addition, the temperature stability and repeatability of the system are also discussed. This system was applied to the real-time detection of static ice pressure on the sidewall and bottom of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe during the ice growth and melting processes. The results indicate that the system has favorable stability and sensitivity, and the relationship obtained between the static ice pressure and temperature could provide some references for the field application in the future.

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Statistics of Ice Loads on Inclined Marine Structures Based on Numerical Experiments

Polojärvi

Ranta

Tuhkuri

2022

IUTAM Symposium on Physics and Mechanics of Sea Ice

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Numerical experiments on ice-structure interaction in shallow water

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Model-scale tests on ice-structure interaction in shallow water: Global ice loads and the ice loading process

Model-scale tests on ice-structure interaction in shallow water: Global ice loads and the ice loading process

Static Ice Pressure Measuring System Based on Fiber Loop Ring-Down Spectroscopy and FPGA

Statistics of Ice Loads on Inclined Marine Structures Based on Numerical Experiments

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