Numerical implementation of generalized Coddington equations for ophthalmic lens design

Rojo, P.; Royo, Santiago; Ramírez, Jorge; Madariaga, Inés Sánchez de

doi:10.1080/09500340.2013.878964

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An additional undistorted condition was included for reference. The distortions were precalculated using ray tracing based on the lens surface data provided by the manufacturer 25 . The precalculated distortions are represented as horizontal and vertical displacement of image plane coordinates; the displacement vectors are stored pixel-wise as two color channels of a texture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An objective measurement approach to quantify the perceived distortions of spectacle lenses

Sauer,

Künstle,

Wichmann

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The eye’s natural aging influences our ability to focus on close objects. Without optical correction, all adults will suffer from blurry close vision starting in their 40s. In effect, different optical corrections are necessary for near and far vision. Current state-of-the-art glasses offer a gradual change of correction across the field of view for any distance—using Progressive Addition Lenses (PALs). However, an inevitable side effect of PALs is geometric distortion, which causes the swim effect, a phenomenon of unstable perception of the environment leading to discomfort for many wearers. Unfortunately, little is known about the relationship between lens distortions and their perceptual effects, that is, between the complex physical distortions on the one hand and their subjective severity on the other. We show that perceived distortion can be measured as a psychophysical scaling function using a VR experiment with accurately simulated PAL distortions. Despite the multi-dimensional space of physical distortions, the measured perception is well represented as a 1D scaling function; distortions are perceived less with negative far correction, suggesting an advantage for short-sighted people. Beyond that, our results successfully demonstrate that psychophysical scaling with ordinal embedding methods can investigate complex perceptual phenomena like lens distortions that affect geometry, stereo, and motion perception. Our approach provides a new perspective on lens design based on modeling visual processing that could be applied beyond distortions. We anticipate that future PAL designs could be improved using our method to minimize subjectively discomforting distortions rather than merely optimizing physical parameters.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An objective measurement approach to quantify the perceived distortions of spectacle lenses

Sauer,

Künstle,

Wichmann

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An additional undistorted condition was included for reference. The distortions were precalculated using ray tracing based on the lens surface data provided by the manufacturer [21]. The precalculated distortions are represented as horizontal and vertical displacement of image plane coordinates; the displacement vectors are stored pixel-wise as two color channels of a texture.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing the future of progressive glasses: a new perceptual approach to spectacle lens design

Sauer,

Künstle,

Wichmann

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The eye’s natural aging influences our ability to focus on close objects. Without optical correction, all adults will suffer from blurry close vision starting in their 40s. In effect, different optical corrections are necessary for near and far vision. Current state-of-the-art glasses offer a gradual change of correction across the field of view for any distance—using Progressive Addition Lenses (PALs). However, an inevitable side effect of PALs is geometric distortion, which causes the swim effect, a phenomenon of unstable perception of the environment leading to discomfort for many wearers. Unfortunately, little is known about the relationship between lens distortions and their perceptual effects, that is, between the complex physical distortions on the one hand and their subjective severity on the other.We show that perceived distortion can be measured as a psychophysical scaling function using a VR experiment with accurately simulated PAL distortions. Despite the multi-dimensional space of physical distortions, the measured perception is well represented as a 1D scaling function; distortions are perceived less with negative far correction, suggesting an advantage for short-sighted people.Beyond that, our results successfully demonstrate that psychophysical scaling with ordinal embedding methods can investigate complex perceptual phenomena like lens distortions that affect geometry, stereo, and motion perception. Our approach provides a new perspective on lens design based on modeling visual processing that could be applied beyond distortions. We anticipate that future PAL designs could be improved using our method to minimize subjectively discomforting distortions rather than merely optimizing physical parameters.

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“…GRT is now the standard for modern ophthalmic lens design, and its principles and implementation may be found elsewhere. 27 In GRT, a pencil of light can be considered to be composed of a principal ray and a wavefront in its neighborhood. The propagation of the wavefront in the neighborhood of the principal ray through the lens-eye system is used for the evaluation of the performance of the lens.…”

Section: Generalized Ray Tracing Applied To the Evaluation Of Periphementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the relevance of the topic, a generalized approach for the calculation of the IPR of a given ophthalmic lens would be desirable. The method should ideally be aligned with the common procedures of modern ophthalmic lens design, based on generalized ray tracing (GRT) techniques, 27 in order to yield three-dimensional (3-D) power error maps in the peripheral field of vision of different lens geometries. GRT is a general procedure that goes beyond third-order theory, delivering exact ray tracing in 3-D.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized ray tracing method for the calculation of the peripheral refraction induced by an ophthalmic lens

et al. 2015

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Peripheral refraction, the refractive error present outside the main direction of gaze, has lately attracted interest due to its alleged relationship with the progression of myopia. The ray tracing procedures involved in its calculation need to follow an approach different from those used in conventional ophthalmic lens design, where refractive errors are compensated only in the main direction of gaze. We present a methodology for the evaluation of the peripheral refractive error in ophthalmic lenses, adapting the conventional generalized ray tracing approach to the requirements of the evaluation of peripheral refraction. The nodal point of the eye and a retinal conjugate surface will be used to evaluate the three-dimensional distribution of refractive error around the fovea. The proposed approach enables us to calculate the three-dimensional peripheral refraction induced by any ophthalmic lens at any direction of gaze and to personalize the lens design to the requirements of the user. The complete evaluation process for a given user prescribed with a-5.76D ophthalmic lens for foveal vision is detailed, and comparative results obtained when the geometry of the lens is modified and when the central refractive error is over-or undercorrected. The methodology is also applied for an emmetropic eye to show its application for refractive errors other than myopia.Postprint (published version

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Numerical implementation of generalized Coddington equations for ophthalmic lens design

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

An objective measurement approach to quantify the perceived distortions of spectacle lenses

An objective measurement approach to quantify the perceived distortions of spectacle lenses

Seeing the future of progressive glasses: a new perceptual approach to spectacle lens design

Generalized ray tracing method for the calculation of the peripheral refraction induced by an ophthalmic lens

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