Numerical Investigation of a Kretschmann-Type Surface Plasmon Resonance Waveguide Sensor

Numerical Simulations of Surface Plasmons Super-Resolution Focusing and Nano-Waveguiding

“…In 1996, Kelley and Luebbers proposed the improved PLRC method [22] which remained the speed and low memory of RC method, and provided the accuracy existing in ADE method. The PLRC method for Drude model and Lorentz model has been presented respectively [22,23]. In this section, we combine these two sets of formulations and propose the PLRC method for Drude-Lorentz model.…”

Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of an Improved Surface Plasmon Resonance Waveguide Sensor

“…To remove numerical instability often encountered in the vicinity of metal, we adopt the complex reference refractive index approach [8] equivalent to the branch-cut rotation method [9]. In particular, we apply the complex reference index only to the metal region where the reference index in the coefficient of the first derivative in the Fresnel equation is changed into a complex value, while in the phase variation term is kept real [10] ( is the free space wavenumber and is the refractive index of the structure). In what follows, we use with and being the effective index of the dielectric TM mode and 5 , respectively ( is the original real reference index and is a phase factor).…”

A Kretschmann‐type absorption‐based surface plasmon resonance waveguide sensor

“…To integrate a sensor into optical circuits, we have investigated a Kretschmann-type SPR waveguide sensor, in which input/output parts in the conventional Kretschmann configuration are replaced with optical waveguides [7]. Despite its compactness, the waveguide sensor provides high sensitivity to the change in the real part of the refractive index, which is comparable to that of the conventional Kretschmann configuration.…”

“…As a result, the waveguide sensor is shown to be a potential candidate for a compact absorption-based SPR sensor integrated into optical circuits. Figure 1 illustrates the configuration of the SPR waveguide sensor, which is the same as that studied in [7]. The core width is 2d ϭ 1.94 m, where the normalized frequency is V Ϸ 1.5 at ϭ 0.6 m. The angle of incidence of the dielectric waveguide to the metal film is chosen to be ϭ 78°.…”

“…A better fit of the measured index may be obtained by the Drude-Lorentz model [8]. Nevertheless, we here use the following Dude model adopted in [7] to investigate the influence of the imaginary part of the refractive index on the wavelength response in the waveguide sensor studied in [7]: n m 2 ϭ 1 ϩ p 2 /͑͑ j c Ϫ ͒͒ with n m ϭ 0.131 Ϫ j3.654 at 0.6328 m, where is the angular frequency, p the electron plasma frequency, and c the effective electron collision frequency. The absorption-based SPR sensor can observe the changes in both real and imaginary parts of the refractive index.…”