“…Whilst Ichimiya and Tsukamoto [45] also studied a swirling impinging jet with aerodynamically generated swirl at Re = 11,500, the swirl intensity was simplistically characterized by the angle of tangential flow entry in their setup which makes it difficult to relate their outcomes in the context of the wider body of swirl research. By reviewing most of the literature published to date, it is evident that prior research into swirling impinging jets (either aerodynamically or geometrically generated) focussed on studying the effects of swirl intensity on heat transfer, with little attention to the effects of upstream (inflow) conditions on jet development, which may explain why different studies have reported varied outcomes on the relationship between surface heat transfer and the introduction of swirl [31,34,36,[41][42][43].…”