“…These material features are the result of the reversible martensitic phase transformation that occurs between a high symmetry, austenitic phase and a low symmetry, martensitic phase, in response to the thermo-mechanical loading (Lagoudas, 2008). Due to these unique characteristics, there is an increasing number of potentially industrial applications such as robotics (Ho and Desai, 2009; Kheirikhah et al, 2011), automotive (Stoeckel, 1990; Williams and Elahinia, 2008), aerospace (Calkins et al, 2006; Liang et al, 1996; Willey et al, 2001), structural engineering (Ostadrahimi et al, 2015; Peffer et al, 2000; Taheri-Behrooz et al, 2011; Taheri-Behrooz and Kiani, 2017; Wada et al, 2003), and biomedical industries (Mantovani, 2000; Morgan, 2004). One of the most wide applications is embedding SMA wires or particles into a host material to control vibration and damping (Birman, 2008; Sohn et al, 2009), increase stiffness (Daghia et al, 2008), change shape (Baz et al, 2000; Yang et al, 2006) repair damage (Wang, 2002), modify the buckling load (Ostachowicz et al, 2000), and impact properties (Khalili et al, 2007; Meo et al, 2005) of the host materials.…”