“…4 (a), including nine surface particles (Nos. 30,33,38,41,42,44,45,46,47) and six free particles (Nos. 12,15,27,28,35,39).…”
Section: Particle Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Burenkova [7] considered that a fraction of fine particles does not belong to the granular skeleton and does not affect the volume of the soil if it is removed. This concept was developed into the sequential filling test and has been widely used to determine the separation point between the skeleton and fill fractions through experimental or numerical methods [17,18,30,32,45].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Shire et al [34] used a DEM to conduct a mechanical analysis of internal unstable soils with a gapped gradation of different fine contents. Winkler et al [45] investigated the force chain of DEMs of bimodal graded soils to distinguish loose particles from the soil skeleton. Zhang et al [50] directly adjusted the fine content of gapgraded soil to simulate the stress state after erosion using a DEM.…”
Suffusion is a typical form of internal erosion for gravel soils in which fine particles are detached by seepage and transport by water through pores. The prediction of erodible particles can improve the assessment of the development of suffusion. The current research on the composition of erodible particles is not sufficiently detailed. The content of erodible particles cannot be accurately determined for a particular gradation. In this paper, a geometric method of generating a particle packing model is proposed. The particles are classified as free or skeleton particles depending on their coordination numbers; thus, their particle size distributions are obtained. Soils with different gradations were analysed using the proposed method. The results indicated that if the grading curve of a soil can be expressed using a fractal relationship, the gradation of free particles also satisfies an exponential function. This is useful in promoting the research on establishing accurate internal erosion criteria, evaluating the performance of filter layers, and predicting the degree of seepage failure caused by internal erosion.
“…4 (a), including nine surface particles (Nos. 30,33,38,41,42,44,45,46,47) and six free particles (Nos. 12,15,27,28,35,39).…”
Section: Particle Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Burenkova [7] considered that a fraction of fine particles does not belong to the granular skeleton and does not affect the volume of the soil if it is removed. This concept was developed into the sequential filling test and has been widely used to determine the separation point between the skeleton and fill fractions through experimental or numerical methods [17,18,30,32,45].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Shire et al [34] used a DEM to conduct a mechanical analysis of internal unstable soils with a gapped gradation of different fine contents. Winkler et al [45] investigated the force chain of DEMs of bimodal graded soils to distinguish loose particles from the soil skeleton. Zhang et al [50] directly adjusted the fine content of gapgraded soil to simulate the stress state after erosion using a DEM.…”
Suffusion is a typical form of internal erosion for gravel soils in which fine particles are detached by seepage and transport by water through pores. The prediction of erodible particles can improve the assessment of the development of suffusion. The current research on the composition of erodible particles is not sufficiently detailed. The content of erodible particles cannot be accurately determined for a particular gradation. In this paper, a geometric method of generating a particle packing model is proposed. The particles are classified as free or skeleton particles depending on their coordination numbers; thus, their particle size distributions are obtained. Soils with different gradations were analysed using the proposed method. The results indicated that if the grading curve of a soil can be expressed using a fractal relationship, the gradation of free particles also satisfies an exponential function. This is useful in promoting the research on establishing accurate internal erosion criteria, evaluating the performance of filter layers, and predicting the degree of seepage failure caused by internal erosion.
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