“…The flexibility to define both open and close boundaries offer opportunities to investigate transport process where both convective and diffusive transport across interfaces are of interest. These boundary conditions have applicability in a variety of problems where the rheological characterization require the modelling complex fluids under complex flow configurations, such as micro-nano devices 60 , protein dynamics 57 , biological flows, colloidal and particulate systems 35,61,62 , to name a few. Finally, given the direct resemblance of the domain decomposition adopted and those used for heterogeneous multiscale methods 45 , the proposed scheme opens new avenues for multiscale Lagrangian modelling, as it can be readily coupled with velocity fields derived from continuumbased methods.…”