Numerical modeling of counterflow diffusion flames inhibited by iron pentacarbonyl

Experimental and computational studies of oxidizer and fuel side addition of ethanol to opposed flow air/ethylene flames

“…For the same comparison, the predicted increase in A2 (naphthalene), A3 (phenanthrene), and A4 (pyrene) is 19%, 23%, and 22%, respectively (see figures [12][13][14][15]. However, the absolute change in mole fraction of A1 with 8% fuel side ethanol addition is greater than 10× the absolute change in A2 addition.…”

“…As an example, when iron pentacarbonyl (Fe[CO] 5 ) is added to the air stream of many opposed flow hydrocarbon/air flame systems, it is among the most efficient flame inhibitors known. For fuel stream addition, the effect, on a molar basis, is much less pronounced (15).…”

Catalytic inhibition of laminar flames by transition metal compounds

“…First, changing the oxygen mole fraction changes the temperature, which can change the effectiveness of an agent, as subsequently described in Refs. [9,42,43,74,75]. Since the air-stream velocity is changed while holding the nebulizer flow constant, the ethanol concentration changes in these partially premixed diffusion flames.…”

“…Finally, as described by Walsh [32], a confounding factor in work with TEL is that TEL itself is easily absorbed onto tubing surfaces on the way to the reaction vessel, so that it is difficult to know how much TEL actually makes it to the flame. This is of particular significance since, as subsequently described, the efficiency [9,10,[42][43][44] and particle formation [41,45] as a result of decomposition of organometallic agents are strongly affected by the volume fraction of the metal compound.…”

An Investigation of Equilibrium Iron Thermochemistry in Flames

“…This is both true for the gas phase species as well as for the estimation of condensation. The kinetics governing condensation and, in particular, particle formation in irondoped flames are discussed in detail in [19,20]. However, in systems where surfaces are already present, as is the case with sampling nozzles, it is well known that condensed phases are much easier formed than in systems without, where large super-saturations are observed prior to condensation [21].…”