Numerical Modeling of High Conversion Efficiency FTO/ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MO Thin Film-Based Solar Cells: Using SCAPS-1D Software

Abstract

The numerical modeling of a copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS)-based kesterite solar cell is described in detail in this article. To model FTO/ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MO structured solar cells, the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-one-dimension (SCAPS-1D) program was utilized. Numerical modeling was used to estimate and assess the parameters of various photovoltaic thin film solar cells. The impact of different parameters on solar cell performance and conversion efficiency were explored. Because the response of a solar cell is partly determined by its internal physical mechanism, J-V characteristic characteristics are insufficient to define a device’s behavior. Regardless of the conviction in solar cell modeling, variable attributes as well as many probable conditions must be handled for simulation. Promising optimized results were obtained with a conversion efficiency of (η% = 25.72%), a fill factor of (FF% = 83.75%), a short-circuit current of (JSC = 32.96436 mA/cm2), and an open-circuit voltage of (VOC = 0.64 V). The findings will aid in determining the feasibility of manufacturing high-efficiency CZTS-based solar cells. First, in the SCAPS-1D environment, the impacts of experimentally constructed CZTS solar cells were simulated. The experimental data was then compared to the simulated results from SCAPS-1D. After optimizing cell parameters, the conversion efficiency of the improved system was observed to rise. The influence of system factors, such as the thickness, acceptor, and donor carrier concentration densities of the absorber and electron transport layers, and the effect of temperature on the efficiency of CZTS-based photovoltaic cells, was explored using one-dimensional SCAPS-1D software. The suggested findings will be extremely useful to engineers and researchers in determining the best method for maximizing solar cell efficiency, as well as in the development of more efficient CZTS-based solar cells.

Concurrent investigation of antimony chalcogenide (Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3)-based solar cells with a potential WS2 electron transport layer

“…The lower energy (longer wavelength) photons are absorbed noticeably in the absorber layer. Consequently, a dramatic impact of the doping concentration on the collected conversion efficiency was observed [ 82 ].

Figure 5 Impact of the absorber layer doping concentration of (a, b) Sb 2 Se 3 , and (c, d) Sb 2 S 3 solar cells on the JV and QE, respectively.

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Investigation of Defects in Cs2SnI6‐Based Double Perovskite Solar Cells Via SCAPS‐1D

“…For the device optimization, all the requisite device parameters and defect parameters for simulation work have been adopted (Tables S1–S4, Supporting Information) from existing literature for each layer as follows FTO, [ 19–22 ] GO, [ 23,24 ] Cs 2 SnI 6 , [ 25,26 ] Spiro‐OMeTAD, [ 27–30 ] CuSCN, [ 31,32 ] PTAA, [ 33,34 ] PEDOT:PSS, [ 35,36 ] NiO, [ 37,38 ] CuO, [ 39,40 ] CuI, [ 41,42 ] CuSbS 2 , [ 43–46 ] and Au (work function of 5.1 eV). [ 47 ]…”

Performance evaluation of WS2 as buffer and Sb2S3 as hole transport layer in CZTS solar cell by numerical simulation

“…There are numerous endeavors have also been taken numerically to develop highly efficient CZTS-based TFSCs by remodeling the heterojunction structures. [34][35][36][37][38] The previous numerical approach reports 13.41% conversion efficiency for SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/ZnO:Al heterojunction TFSC. 36 It is noticed in the previous studies that the CdS buffer has been extensively employed in the conventional CZTS PV devices to attain the stable performances.…”

“…There are numerous endeavors have also been taken numerically to develop highly efficient CZTS‐based TFSCs by remodeling the heterojunction structures 34–38 . The previous numerical approach reports 13.41% conversion efficiency for SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/ZnO:Al heterojunction TFSC 36 .…”

“…34 An optoelectronic simulation investigation on a silver-mixed CZTS solar cell with CZTS/ACZTS/CdS heterojucntion reports the PCE of 17.59% along V oc of 0.94 V. 35 An efficiency of 23.72% is calculated theoretically for the CZTS-based solar cell comprising glass/Mo/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/FTO heterojunction by Khattak et al 37 With a heterojunction Mo/CZTSe/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/FTO thin-film PV device inserting a CZTSe BSF layer, a conversion efficiency of 22.03% is obtained numerically. 38 Besides, it is environmentally perilous and has detrimental impact of CdCl 2 treatment in fabricating the CdS films. 39,40 Therefore, it is crucial to replace the commonly used CdS buffer with an environment friendly, nontoxic and cost-effective material.…”