Numerical Modeling of Paintball Impact Ocular Trauma: Identification of Progressive Injury Mechanisms

Gray, Walt; Sponsel, William Eric; Scribbick, Frank W.; Stern, Amber Rath; Weiss, Carl E.; Groth, Sylvia L.; Walker, James D.

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7942

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Gray et al conducted a study on porcine eyes, identifying of progressive injury mechanisms by paintball observing globe rupture in 6 eyes, with velocities ranging from 80 to 97 m/s. They emphasized that globe rupture occurred when a centerline hit was achieved at the highest impact velocities [18]. In our case, corneal abrasion may refer to a centerline hit and scleral rupture may be related to being shot at close range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Paintball-related ocular trauma: Paintball or Painball?

Keleş

Ondas²,

Ekinci

et al. 2014

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundThe aim of this study is to describe the type and severity of paintball-related ocular trauma and to determine the necessary precautions to minimize the risk of ocular injury regardless of whether adequate eye protection was used.Material/MethodsA retrospective chart review identified patients treated for paintball-related ocular trauma at the Ataturk University Medical Hospital from June 2010 through March 2013. A descriptive analysis of data was performed.ResultsTen patients with paintball-related ocular trauma were identified. At the time of their first examination, 7 of these patients had visual acuity (VA) of 20/200 or worse. One patient had a final VA of no light perception and 4 patients had a final VA of 20/200 or worse. Hyphema was noted in 7 patients, traumatic cataract in 2, iridodialysis in 2, retinal detachment in 3, and secondary glaucoma in 1. Six patients required surgery. Although all victims have used eye protection during the game, all patients were injured after they thought the game was over and had taken off their helmets or eye-protective devices.ConclusionsPaintball-related accidents result in serious ocular trauma and most of the patients require surgery. These injuries result in severe loss of VA in some patients. Uninterrupted use of proper eye protection whenever a player is in the game field, even after they believe the game has ended, may reduce the incidence of severe ocular trauma in paintball players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Paintball-related ocular trauma: Paintball or Painball?

Keleş

Ondas²,

Ekinci

et al. 2014

Med Sci Monit

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“…A summary of the work to date on the effects of various forms of primary blast on the eye is provided in Table . Remarkably, for both of our research teams, the pathway toward better understanding of blast injury began with very meticulous use of a simple paintball gun …”

Section: Animal Models Of Blast Injury To the Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarkably, for both of our research teams, the pathway toward better understanding of blast injury began with very meticulous use of a simple paintball gun. [4][5][6][7][8][9] In this issue of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, an important new contribution to the literature on primary blast ocular injury makes its debut. 10 The importance of recurrent metabolic compromise upon ocular neurologic survival cannot be overemphasized, because it seems to have both a positive and a negative potential (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the effects of primary blast on the eye

Rex

Reilly

Sponsel

2015

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…Gray et al (57) studied the impact of paintballs on the cornea, with the aim of designing safer paintballs. To this end, they implemented a numerical model of the human eye, orbit, and paintball into the CTH computer code (a 3D, finite-volume, and large deformation numerical hydrocode developed by Sandia National Laboratory) to study the physical mechanisms causing impact eye injuries.…”

Section: Impact and Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element modelling of cornea mechanics: a review

Nejad

Foster

Gongal

2014

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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The cornea is a transparent tissue in front of the eye that refracts light and facilitates vision. A slight change in the geometry of the cornea remarkably affects the optical power. Because of this sensitivity, biomechanical study of the cornea can reveal much about its performance and function. In vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanics of the cornea and determine its characteristics. Numerical techniques such as the finite element method (FEM) have been extensively implemented as effective and noninvasive methods for analyzing corneal mechanics and possible disorders. This article reviews the use of FEM for assessing the mechanical behavior of the cornea. Different applications of FEM in corneal disease studies, surgical predictions, impact simulations, and clinical applications have been reviewed. Some suggestions for the future of this type of modeling in the area of corneal mechanics are also discussed.

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Numerical Modeling of Paintball Impact Ocular Trauma: Identification of Progressive Injury Mechanisms

Abstract: Significant insight was gained regarding the physical mechanisms responsible for injury. CTH predictions corresponded closely with previous ballistic experimental results, adding intraocular detail otherwise unattainable.

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Paintball-related ocular trauma: Paintball or Painball?

Paintball-related ocular trauma: Paintball or Painball?

Elucidating the effects of primary blast on the eye

Finite element modelling of cornea mechanics: a review

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