Numerical modeling of pulsatile blood flow through a mini-oxygenator in artificial lungs

Tang, Tao-Qian; Hsu, Sung Po; Dahiya, Anurag; Soh, Chang Hwei; Lin, K.M.

doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106241

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Tang et al speculated that one of the main beneficial effects of pulsatile blood flow is that it enhances the efficiency of membrane oxygenators [25]. However, Bochetti et al insisted that pulsatile blood flow did not improve oxygen delivery, attributing the advantage of a pulsatile blood pump to other factors involving the circulatory system [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preload control of the increased outflow of a dual pulsatile extracorporeal membrane oxygenator

2022

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An improved pulsatile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) device is needed to reduce the high risk of complications associated with existing ECMO devices, due to continuous blood outflow (which reduces blood perfusion) and a complex structure that makes setup and management difficult. This study introduces a new pulsatile ECMO device to maintain sufficient pulsatility (an “energy equivalent pressure increment” [EEPI] of at least 20 %) and simplify the structure of the pulsatile pump by removing artificial valves and complex actuators. The hemodynamic characteristics and pulsatility of the proposed pulsatile ECMO device were evaluated in-vitro using a MOCK system. Although the pulsatile ECMO device has the same dual pumping structure as existing pulsatile ECMOs, the newly applied preload control mechanism increases the outflow of the proposed pulsatile ECMO compared to the previous device.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preload control of the increased outflow of a dual pulsatile extracorporeal membrane oxygenator

2022

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“…These models use varied inflow conditions (steady flow and pulsating flow) as well as porous media and fiber membranes to mimic membranes. 14 Numerical models were used to calculate blood gas exchange in membrane oxygenators 15 and during veno-venous ECMO (VV ECMO). 16 Recirculation in VV ECMO occurs when reinfused oxygenated blood returns to the ECMO instead of passing through the systemic circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other groups have used computational simulations to model the interactions between triple cannulation ECMOs and the body for training purposes 13 as well as for design optimization (flow rate, pressure). Tang et al 14 reported various extensive 2D and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to evaluate gas exchange in ECMO devices. These models use varied inflow conditions (steady flow and pulsating flow) as well as porous media and fiber membranes to mimic membranes 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tang et al 14 reported various extensive 2D and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to evaluate gas exchange in ECMO devices. These models use varied inflow conditions (steady flow and pulsating flow) as well as porous media and fiber membranes to mimic membranes 14 . Numerical models were used to calculate blood gas exchange in membrane oxygenators 15 and during veno‐venous ECMO (VV ECMO) 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical, flow, and thermal analysis of a phototherapy extracorporeal membrane oxygenator for treating carbon monoxide poisoning

et al. 2023

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Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO) are currently utilized to mechanically ventilate blood when lung or lung and heart function are impaired, like in cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS can be caused by severe cases of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation, which is the leading cause of poison‐related deaths in the United States. ECMOs can be further optimized for severe CO inhalation using visible light to photo‐dissociate CO from hemoglobin (Hb). In previous studies, we combined phototherapy with an ECMO to design a photo‐ECMO device, which significantly increased CO elimination and improved survival in CO‐poisoned animal models using light at 460, 523, and 620 nm wavelengths. Light at 620 nm was the most effective in removing CO. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the light propagation at 460, 523, and 620 nm wavelengths and the 3D blood flow and heating distribution within the photo‐ECMO device that increased CO elimination in CO‐poisoned animal models. Methods Light propagation, blood flow dynamics, and heat diffusion were modeled using the Monte Carlo method and the laminar Navier‐Stokes and heat diffusion equations, respectively. Results Light at 620 nm propagated through the device blood compartment (4 mm), while light at 460 and 523 nm only penetrated 48% to 50% (~2 mm). The blood flow velocity in the blood compartment varied with regions of high (5 mm/s) and low (1 mm/s) velocity, including stagnant flow. The blood temperatures at the device outlet for 460, 523, and 620 nm wavelengths were approximately 26.7°C, 27.4°C, and 20°C, respectively. However, the maximum temperatures within the blood treatment compartment rose to approximately 71°C, 77°C, and 21°C, respectively. Conclusions As the extent of light propagation correlates with efficiency in photodissociation, the light at 620 nm is the optimal wavelength for removing CO from Hb while maintaining blood temperatures below thermal damage. Measuring the inlet and outlet blood temperatures is not enough to avoid unintentional thermal damage by light irradiation. Computational models can help eliminate risks of excessive heating and improve device development by analyzing design modifications that improve blood flow, like suppressing stagnant flow, further increasing the rate of CO elimination.

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“…Han et al analyzed and compared three leading centrifugal blood pumps to identify the risk of hemolysis when using CFD and experiments [ 15 ]. Tang et al reported various 2D and 3D CFD models to evaluate the gas exchange with varied blood flow conditions (steady and pulsating flow) and membrane representations (porous media and fiber membranes) [ 16 ]. Turri et al developed a 2D numerical simulator to model the mass transfer of oxygen in hollow fiber membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of a Phototherapy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator for Treating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

et al. 2023

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We designed a photo-ECMO device to speed up the rate of carbon monoxide (CO) removal by using visible light to dissociate CO from hemoglobin (Hb). Using computational fluid dynamics, fillets of different radii (5 cm and 10 cm) were applied to the square shape of a photo-ECMO device to reduce stagnant blood flow regions and increase the treated blood volume while being constrained by full light penetration. The blood flow at different flow rates and the thermal load imposed by forty external light sources at 623 nm were modeled using the Navier-Stokes and convection–diffusion equations. The particle residence times were also analyzed to determine the time the blood remained in the device. There was a reduction in the blood flow stagnation as the fillet radii increased. The maximum temperature change for all the geometries was below 4 °C. The optimized device with a fillet radius of 5 cm and a blood priming volume of up to 208 cm3 should decrease the time needed to treat CO poisoning without exceeding the critical threshold for protein denaturation. This technology has the potential to decrease the time for CO removal when treating patients with CO poisoning and pulmonary gas exchange inhibition.

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Numerical modeling of pulsatile blood flow through a mini-oxygenator in artificial lungs

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Preload control of the increased outflow of a dual pulsatile extracorporeal membrane oxygenator

Preload control of the increased outflow of a dual pulsatile extracorporeal membrane oxygenator

Optical, flow, and thermal analysis of a phototherapy extracorporeal membrane oxygenator for treating carbon monoxide poisoning

Design Optimization of a Phototherapy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator for Treating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

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