Numerical modeling of salinity distribution and submarine groundwater discharge to a coastal lagoon in Denmark based on airborne electromagnetic data

Haider, Kinza; Engesgaard, Peter; Sonnenborg, Torben O.; Kirkegaard, Casper

doi:10.1007/s10040-014-1195-0

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The water depth at the eastern shoreline, where the field measurements were carried out, is approximately uniform at 0.5 m depth. Haider et al (2014) simulated groundwater discharge at the eastern shore of the lagoon and, using seepage meters, Müller et al (2018) measured temporally variable discharge fluxes in response to recharge dynamics and spatial variability governed by sediment structure. Both studies found that the position of the saltwater-freshwater interface (Mulligan and Charette, 2006) had an effect on the groundwater fluxes.…”

Section: Field Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though some authors reflect on the uncertainty of using standard values and a homogeneous distribution of k e (Shanafield et al, 2011), there are only very few studies where sediment thermal properties are directly measured in the field (Schmidt et al, 2007;Menichino and Hester, 2014;Halloran et al, 2017;Irvine et al, 2017), and even fewer where the horizontal heterogeneity of these thermal properties over the field site is taken into account (Duque et al, 2016). There are, however, some attempts where the vertical heterogeneity of k e is taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of sediment thermal conductivity on vertical groundwater flux estimates

Sebok

Müller

2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Vertical sediment temperature profiles are frequently used to estimate vertical fluid fluxes. In these applications using heat as a tracer of groundwater flow, the thermal conductivity of saturated sediments (k e ) is often given as a standard literature value and assumed to have a homogeneous distribution in the vertical space. In this study vertical sediment temperature profiles were collected in both a highflux stream and a low-flux lagoon environment in sand-and peat-covered areas. k e was measured at the location of each temperature profile at several depths below the sedimentwater interface up to 0.5 m with a measurement spacing of 0.1 m. In general k e values measured in this study ranged between 0.55 and 2.96 W m −1 • C −1 with an increase with depth from the sediment-water interface. The effect of using a vertically homogeneous or heterogeneous distribution of measured k e values on vertical flux estimates was studied with a steady-state HydroGeoSphere model. In the high-flux stream environment estimated fluxes varied between 0.03 and 0.71 m d −1 and in the low-flux lagoon between 0.02 and 0.23 m d −1 . We found that using a vertically heterogeneous distribution of sediment thermal conductivity did not considerably change the fit between observed and simulated temperature data compared to a homogeneous distribution of k e . However, depending on the choice of sediment thermal conductivities, flux estimates decreased by up to 64 % or increased by up to 75 % compared to using a standard k e sediment thermal conductivity for sand, frequently assumed by previous local studies. Hence, our study emphasizes the importance of using spatially distributed thermal properties in heat flux applications in order to obtain more precise flux estimates.

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Section: Field Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sediment thermal conductivity on vertical groundwater flux estimates

Sebok

Müller

2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…It is therefore possible to carry out measurements up to tens of metre offshore after which the deeper parts of the fjord is reached. According to previous studies, the mean water depth of the fjord is 1.9 m (Ringkøbing Amt, ), and groundwater discharges to the lagoon along the eastern shore line (Kinnear et al ., ; Haider et al ., ). The lagoon has an area of 300 km 2 containing brackish water (5–15%) due to its connection with the sea through a sluice and the seasonal discharge from the Skjern River (yearly average of 50 m 3 /s) (Figure B) (Kirkegaard et al ., ).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A field study area was selected at the west coast of Denmark, where groundwater flows into a coastal lagoon as has been shown by previous studies (Kinnear et al, 2013;Haider et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating groundwater discharge to surface waters using heat as a tracer in low flux environments: the role of thermal conductivity

Duque

Müller

Sebok

et al. 2015

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Analytical modelling of heat transport was used to address effects of uncertainty in thermal conductivity on groundwater-surface water exchange. In situ thermal conductivities and temperature profiles were measured in a coastal lagoon bed where groundwater is known to discharge. The field site could be divided into three sediment zones where significant spatial changes in thermal conductivity on metre to centimetre scale show that spatial variability connected to the sediment properties must be considered. The application of a literature-based bulk thermal conductivity of 1.84 Wm À1°CÀ1 , instead of field data that ranged from 0.62 to 2.19 W m À1°CÀ1, produced a mean overestimation of 2.33 cm dÀ1 that, considering the low fluxes of the study area, represents an 89% increase and up to a factor of 3 in the most extreme cases. Incorporating the uncertainty due to sediment heterogeneities leads to an irregular trend of the flux distribution from the shore towards the lagoon. The natural variability of the thermal conductivity associated with changes in the sediment composition resulted in a mean variation of ±0.66 cm d À1 in fluxes corresponding to a change of ±25.4%. The presence of organic matter in the sediments, a common situation in the near-shore areas of surface water bodies, is responsible for the decrease of thermal conductivity. The results show that the natural variability of sediment thermal conductivity is a parameter to be considered for low flux environments, and it contributes to a better understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions in natural environments

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“…Groundwater modeling is applied in quantifying SGD by observation, measurements and mathematical methods (Cox et al 1997). Numerical models have emerged as viable tools for understanding and quantifying SGD (Uchiyama et al 2000;Langevin 2001;Kaleris et al 2002;Destouni and Prieto 2003;Oberdorfer 2003a, b;Smith and Nield 2003;Smith and Zawadzki 2003;Haider et al 2015;Gopinath et al 2016a). Quantification of SGD in Western Australia by MODFLOW has been attempted by McDonald and Harbaugh (1988) and Harbaugh et al (2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of submarine groundwater discharge using diverse methods in Coleroon Estuary, Tamil Nadu, India

et al. 2018

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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is described as submarine inflow of fresh and brackish groundwater from land into the sea. The release of sewages from point and non-point source pollutants from industries, agricultural and domestic activities gets discharged through groundwater to ocean creating natural disparity like decreasing flora fauna and phytoplankton blooms. Hence, to quantify fluxes of SGD in coastal regions is important. Quantification of SGD was attempted in Coleroon estuary, India, using three dissimilar methods like water budget, Darcy law and manual seepage meter. Three seepage meters were installed at two prominent litho units (alluvium and fluvio marine) at a distance of (0-14.7 km) away from Bay of Bengal. The water budget and Darcy law-quantified submarine seepage at a rate of 6.9 × 10 6 and 3.2 × 10 3 to 308.3 × 10 3 m 3 year −1 , respectively, and the seepage meter quantified seepage rate of 0.7024 m h −1 at an average. Larger seepage variations were isolated from three different techniques and the seepage rates were found to be influenced by hydrogeological characteristics of the litho units and distance from the coast.

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Numerical modeling of salinity distribution and submarine groundwater discharge to a coastal lagoon in Denmark based on airborne electromagnetic data

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of sediment thermal conductivity on vertical groundwater flux estimates

The effect of sediment thermal conductivity on vertical groundwater flux estimates

Estimating groundwater discharge to surface waters using heat as a tracer in low flux environments: the role of thermal conductivity

Measurement of submarine groundwater discharge using diverse methods in Coleroon Estuary, Tamil Nadu, India

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