Numerical modelling of wave overtopping discharges at rubble mound breakwaters using OpenFOAM®

Wave Overtopping at Dikes and Breakwaters Under Oblique Wave Attack

“…For the influence of roughness ( f ) reference is made to TAW (2002), Capel (2015) and Chen et al (2020aChen et al ( ,b, 2021Chen et al ( , 2022 for dikes and to Bruce et al (2009) and Molines and Medina (2015) for rubble mound breakwaters. For the influence of crest walls ( v ) reference is made to Van Doorslaer (2018) for crest elements on dikes and to Van Gent et al (2022) and Irías Mata and Van Gent (2023) for crest elements on rubble mound breakwaters. For the effects of a recurved parapet on caisson breakwaters ( p ) reference is made to Franco and Franco (1999) and Martinelli et al (2018), while the influence of recurved parapets in combination with oblique waves is discussed in Napp et al (2004) for impulsive wave loading and in Van Gent (2021) for non-impulsive wave loading.…”

“…Eq.5 appears to be slightly more accurate in combination with their expression (their Eq.3), see also the right panel in Figure 6. Based on numerical model computations by Irías Mata and Van Gent (2023), it was found that the wave overtopping discharges at rubble mound breakwaters do not only depend on the wave steepness but also on the slope angle, leading to another set of optimal values (a' = 0.03, b' = 4, c = 1, c swell = 0.4, d' = -0.5, e' = 1 and f' = 0.5). Nevertheless, their numerical results still need to be verified based on physical model tests in which the slope angle is systematically varied.…”

Neural Network Calibration Method For Varans Models To Analyse Wave-Porous Structures Interaction

“…Numerical modelling arises as a useful tool, with relatively low cost and time consuming, to analyze the hydraulic performance of coastal structures. Numerous studies use numerical models to analyze different types of coastal structures and the processes involved in the wave-structure interaction; thus Croquer et al (2023) analyzed wave loads, Lara et al (2011) studied the wave-breaking on the structure, and Mata and Van Gent (2023) analyzed overtopping discharges and hydraulic stability. The correct numerical modelling of the flow through the porous media is fundamental to characterize the relevant physical processes involved in the wave-structure interaction.…”

“…The physical homogeneous breakwater model with Dn50 (m) = 0.03 was reproduced in the numerical model considering different combinations of np, 𝛼 and 𝛽. The value of 𝛾 𝑝 = 0.34 (Van Gent, 1995) was assumed to be invariable because the results are practically insensitive to its variation(Losada et al, 2008;Higuera et al, 2014). To cover the full range of 𝛼 and 𝛽 values used in the literature (Table1), this study considered the following range parameters given in the literature: 200 ≤ 𝛼 ≤ 20,000 and 0.4 ≤ 𝛽 ≤ 4.0.…”

A Validation of Wave Loads on Crest Walls on Top of Composite Breakwaters Using Openfoam

“…One of the widely used numerical models is OpenFOAM, which solves The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) using as surface tracking technique the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method (RANS-VOF model). Although many wave processes have been simulated and validated in OpenFOAM, including wave overtopping for impermeable structures, porous breakwaters and crest walls on top of rubble mound breakwaters (Jensen et al, 2014, Karagiannis et al, 2015, Patil, 2019, Boersen et al, 2019, Chen et al 2021, Irías Mata and Van Gent, 2023; wave interaction with porous structures and open filters (Jensen et al 2014, Jacobsen et al, 2015, wave interaction with Tetrapods (Lee et al, 2019), wave breaking (Brown et al, 2016, Devolder, 2018and Larsen and Furhman, 2018 and wave induced forces (Jacobsen et al, 2018 andCastellino et al, 2021); estimating loads on crest walls in a numerical wave flume is still at its early stages. On that account, the present work validates the prediction of wave induced forces on the front face of crest walls on top of a breakwater.…”