Numerical modelling study of a modified sandbag system for ballistic protection

Thawani, B.; Hazael, Rachael; Critchley, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2021.101403

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The unmade road featured greater texture depth than any other surface tested, produced by protruding medium-coarse embedded gravel. This texture had greater frictional interaction, as the bulk bag's fill material could interlock with the surface's embedded gravel [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation (1) requires the measurement of the two independent variables displayed in Figure 4. Full-scale field testing was favored instead of scaled laboratory due to the complexity of numerous influencing factors [12,28]. Soil conditions and foundation surfaces are not easily modeled in a laboratory environment.…”

Section: Experimental Campaign Procedure and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full-Scale Interface Friction Testing of Geotextile-Based Flood Defence Structures

2022

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Open-topped woven polypropylene cellular containers filled with dense granular ballasts are often used as emergency flood defence structures. The effectiveness of these systems is highly dependent on the interaction with their bedding surface. The characteristics of the foundation will often govern the system’s overall resistance to applied loading imposed by retained floodwater. However, the frictional relationship between polypropylene bulk bag flood defences and common bedding surfaces has not been extensively investigated. This study aims to reduce the reliance on arbitrary static friction coefficients by measuring and presenting actual data obtained through quantitative testing. This study presents the results of full-scale field testing to quantify the frictional resistance generated between filled polypropylene bulk bags and seven common bedding surfaces. Findings resulting from testing each interface scenario are expressed as coefficients of static friction. Test interfaces affording high frictional resistance comprised an unmade gravel road (µ = 0.74) and grass (µ = 0.64). Contrastingly, interfaces generating significantly lower frictional resistance were steel floated concrete (µ = 0.40) and polypropylene plastic (µ = 0.40). Test interfaces involving asphalt (µ = 0.54) and tamped concrete (µ = 0.56–0.58) were also investigated. This study recommends new friction coefficients necessary to characterise the structural stability analysis of bulk bag flood defences with greater accuracy. Practical advice based on experimental observation and field design experience is also given.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Campaign Procedure and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Scale Interface Friction Testing of Geotextile-Based Flood Defence Structures

2022

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“…The solution to the first-order differential equation gives v = v o e −x/L = v o e −ρ air C d (A/2m)x , with v 0 initial velocity, v terminal velocity and × the distance reached by the fragment. 2 Formula can be subsituted where necessary for different fragment geometries.…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing literature suggests there are three main reasons for studying fragmentation with many of these areas requiring examination within a single experimental series [1][2][3][4]. These areas are to examine the dispersion of fragmentation propelled using blast waves generated from the explosive detonation process, to carry out further testing of the fragments and finally to measure what the fragment can do against a target, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of fragmentation capture materials and an assessment of the viability of economical alternatives: a preliminary study

Read,

Ritchie,

Brown

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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High pressure, high-temperature events need to be quantified experimentally. Where fragmentation occurs, i.e. against personal protective equipment, there is a requirement for both a reliable and repeatable measurement of numerous experimental metrics. Typically, the most critical is calculating the energy absorbed by the target material, to characterize target performance. This is achieved by detonating a device and capturing a proportion of the fragmentation in a suitable material that can achieve successful recovery of all fragmentation produced. Therefore, allowing the estimation of the target's response using the depth of penetration within the capture material which allows the calculation of energy absorption. The current standardized fragmentation capture material used within the UK is known as strawboard. Although effective, this material is both expensive and limited in its availability. This study explores the classification of strawboard to provide a suitable baseline to compare against medium density fibreboard (MDF) and flooring underlay, which represent two more economically friendly alternatives on the openmarket. It was found that the uniformity of response for the MDF material was better than that of strawboard, due to its reproducibility between batches and velocity ranges. To further explore this phenomena, high explosive trials were conducted, further demonstrating MDF to be a viable, reliable and cheaper alternative. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.

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Enhancing energy absorption in rubber–sand (Ru–San) composite blocks against ballistic impact: a multi-objective optimisation approach

Doddamani,

Kulkarni,

Joladarashi

et al. 2024

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

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Numerical modelling study of a modified sandbag system for ballistic protection

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Full-Scale Interface Friction Testing of Geotextile-Based Flood Defence Structures

Full-Scale Interface Friction Testing of Geotextile-Based Flood Defence Structures

Quantification of fragmentation capture materials and an assessment of the viability of economical alternatives: a preliminary study

Enhancing energy absorption in rubber–sand (Ru–San) composite blocks against ballistic impact: a multi-objective optimisation approach

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