Mathematical optimisation of real technological forming processes requires expensive simulations to evaluate objective function and constraint values as well as their derivative and Hessian information. The costs of these evaluations are directly correlated to the refinement depth of the finite-element discretisation. This work investigates the effect of the refinement level on the result and convergence behaviour of algorithmic process parameter identification with an elastoviscoplastic material model.
Numerical optimisation in forming technologyIn 1998 Vohnout [1] pointed out, that an extension of classical forming limits is possible by combining quasi-static deep drawing with an impulse forming method as, e.g., electromagnetic forming. In the second process strain rates of several 1000 s −1 are achieved by Lorentz forces triggered in a work piece by the magnetic field of an adjacent tool coil, which is excited by a pulsed current of several 10000 Ampère within approximately 10 µs (see [2] for details). However, it has become obvious, that process parameters (e.g., frequency, amplitude, damping of the input current, drawing radii, tribological parameters, etc.) that really lead to an extension of classical forming limits are experimentally difficult to find. To this end, Taebi et al. [3] proposed a method to determine suitable parameters by mathematical optimisation. A finite-element-simulation of the whole process chain has been developed in [3] and employed to compute the deviation of a work piece deformed by deep drawing and subsequent electromagnetic forming from an ideal shaped one. This has been used in the context of the SQP method to determine optimum process parameters. The optimisation problem reads as follows:Here s(λ, x) denotes a parametrisation of the computed surface of the work piece depending on a list of parameters λ ∈ Ê n and s opt (x) a prescribed ideal form, further S is a referential configuration with area meas S. The function c measures the distance of a minor and major strain pair (ǫ 1 , ǫ 2 ) to the forming limit surface, i.e., to the locus of material failure (necking) in a forming limit diagram extended by an axis for the strain rate (see [3] for details). The constraints ensure that forming limits are never violated. This type of forming limits for dynamical processes extend the classical forming limit diagram.
Model ProblemIn earlier works [4] the effects of function linearisation in the scope of linear elasticity have been studied. Following this approach the current work investigates the influence of the finite-element discretisation on the identification of ideal force parameters in the case of viscoplasticity. Although the mechanical model accounts for strain rate effects the constraints in this scope result from a quasi-static failure analysis, since the main concern here is the convergence behaviour of the proposed algorithm, for the time being. The elastoviscoplastic model for small deformations studied in this scope is based on [5] and is given bywith the deformation field...