Numerical Optimization of Electrodeposition Thickness Uniformity with Respect to the Layout of Anode and Cathode

Yang, Guang; Deng, Ding‐Rong; Zhang, Yuzhou; Zhu, Qingqiang; Cai, Jiawang

doi:10.1007/s12678-021-00668-5

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As other have previously noted, film thickness is heavily affected by hydrodynamics (i.e. stirring/bath geometry) and cathode placement 24 , 25 , though the majority of our films were ≥ 100 µm. The 96-h electroplated samples had more consistent thicknesses with DC-plating yielding thicker films than pulsed-plating, likely due to the lower effective current (i.e.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Electrodeposition and analysis of thick bismuth films

Hatfield

Dervishi

Johnson

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, bismuth is an attractive candidate for a wide range of applications such as battery anodes, radiation shielding, and semiconductors, to name a few. This work presents the electrodeposition of mechanically stable and homogenous bismuth films at micron-scale thicknesses. A simple one-step electrodeposition process using either a pulse/reverse or direct current source yielded thick, homogenous, and mechanically stable bismuth films. Morphology, electrochemical behavior, adhesion, and mechanical stability of bismuth coatings plated with varying parameters were characterized via optical profilometry, cyclic voltammetry, electron microscopy, and tribology. Scratch testing on thick electroplated coatings (> 100 µm) revealed similar wear resistance properties between the pulse/reverse plated and direct current electroplated films. This study presents a versatile bismuth electroplating process with the possibility to replace lead in radiation shields with an inexpensive, non-toxic metal, or to make industrially relevant electrocatalytic devices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Electrodeposition and analysis of thick bismuth films

Hatfield

Dervishi

Johnson

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Initial PbO 2 thicknesses were on the same order of magnitude while still being impacted according to the different substrates used and their individual resistivity. We can note that the PK1 layer is very inhomogeneous and detect large differences between the top and bottom of the sample, indicating a probable effect of the electrodeposition process (usually, for electrodeposited layers, the edge part is thicker and the center part near the liquid surface is thinner). The PK2 layers are however much more homogeneous.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optimizing Perovskite Solar Cell Architecture in Multistep Routes Including Electrodeposition

Katrib

Perrin

Planès

2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The electrodeposition technique was explored as a powerful method for perovskite fabrication. It possesses the ability to elaborate high-quality perovskite layers on large-size substrates, with minimal manufacturing costs. In this work, the electrodeposition of PbO2 was conducted as a first step to elaborate MAPbI3 perovskite layers. Two conversion routes have been considered to reach the perovskite film. The first one is an immediate conversion of PbO2 into PK1 by immersion in methylammonium iodide (MAI, CH3NH3I) solution. The second route is a two-step conversion: initial PbO2 conversion into PbI2 by immersion in hydrogen iodide (HI), followed by PbI2 conversion into PK2 by immersion in MAI. For further evaluation of the impact of the conversion pathway and the nature of the substrate, an in-depth study of the microstructure, the morphology, and the key properties for the application of the perovskite layers has been conducted using a set of dedicated characterization techniques. Perovskite solar cells have also been developed using the electrodeposited active layers, which opens the way to promising performances using electrodeposition.

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“…Owing to the electric current detour around the cathode [ 42 ], the current density at the edge was higher than that in the middle. According to Faraday’s law, the uniformity of the deposition thickness is determined by the current density, and thus, a relatively high current density leads to greater changes in the coating thickness [ 28 , 43 ]. Figure 4 b compares the differences between the simulation and the experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Faraday’s law [ 28 ], the thickness of the coating is calculated by [ 36 ]

where

is the molar mass and

is the density.…”

Section: Modelling Of the Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of a two-dimensional numerical model, Maraschky et al [ 27 ] compared the degree of coating uniformity electrodeposited by pulsed current and direct current. Yang et al [ 28 ] optimized the layouts of anodes and cathodes to achieve electrodeposition thickness uniformity through numerical simulation and experiments. Yue et al [ 29 ] analysed the influence factors for coating thickness based on the surrogate model and experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Current Density on the Anomalous Codeposition of Ternary Fe-Co-Ni Alloy Coatings

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Materials

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Gradient-structured ternary Fe-Co-Ni alloy coatings electrodeposited on steel substrates at various current densities from chloride baths were numerically and experimentally investigated. The electrodeposition process, considering hydrogen evolution and hydrolysis reaction, was modelled using the finite element method (FEM) and was based on the tertiary current distribution. The experimentally tested coating thickness and elemental contents were used to verify the simulation model. Although there was a deviation between the simulation and experiments, the numerical model was still able to predict the variation trend of the coating thickness and elemental contents. The influence of the current density on the coating characterization was experimentally studied. Due to hydrogen evolution, the coating surface exhibited microcracks. The crack density on the coating surface appeared smaller with increasing applied current density. The XRD patterns showed that the deposited coatings consisted of solid-solution phases α-Fe and γ (Fe, Ni) and the metallic compound Co3Fe7; the current density in the present studied range had a small influence on the phase composition. The grain sizes on the coating surface varied from 15 nm to 20 nm. The microhardness of the deposited coatings ranged from 625 HV to 655 HV. Meanwhile, the average microhardness increased slightly as the current density increased from 5 A/dm2 to 10 A/dm2 and then decreased as the current density further increased. Finally, the degree of anomaly along with the metal ion and hydrogen atom concentrations in the vicinity of the cathodic surface were calculated to investigate the anomalous codeposition behaviour.

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Numerical Optimization of Electrodeposition Thickness Uniformity with Respect to the Layout of Anode and Cathode

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Electrodeposition and analysis of thick bismuth films

Electrodeposition and analysis of thick bismuth films

Optimizing Perovskite Solar Cell Architecture in Multistep Routes Including Electrodeposition

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Current Density on the Anomalous Codeposition of Ternary Fe-Co-Ni Alloy Coatings

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