Numerical simulation and experimental validation of thrombolytic therapy for patients with venous isomer and normal venous valves

Abstract

Thrombus is an extremely dangerous factor in the human body that can block the blood vessel. Once thrombosis happens in venous of lower limbs, local blood flow is impeded. This leads to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and even pulmonary embolism. In recent years, venous thromboembolism has frequently occurred in a variety of people, and there is no effective treatment for patients with different venous structures. For the patients with venous isomer with single valve structure, we establish a coupled computational model to simulate the process of thrombolysis with multi‐dose treatment schemes by considering the blood as non‐Newtonian fluid. Then, the corresponding in vitro experimental platform is built to verify the performance of the developed mathematical model. At last, the effects of different fluid models, valve structures and drug doses on thrombolysis are comprehensively studied through numerical and experimental observations. Comparing with the experimental results, the relative error of blood boosting index (BBI) obtained from non‐Newtonian fluid model is 11% smaller than Newtonian fluid. In addition, the BBI from venous isomer is 1300% times stronger than patient with normal venous valve while the valve displacement is 500% times smaller. As consequence, low eddy current and strong molecular diffusion near the thrombus in case of isomer promote thrombolysis rate up to 18%. Furthermore, the 80 μM dosage of thrombolytic drugs gets the maximum thrombus dissolution rate 18% while the scheme of 50 μM doses obtains a thrombolysis rate of 14% in case of venous isomer. Under the two administration schemes for isomer patients, the rates from experiments are around 19.1% and 14.9%, respectively. It suggests that the proposed computational model and the designed experiment platform can potentially help different patients with venous thromboembolism to carry out clinical medication prediction.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the stenosed coronary artery taken from the clinical setting and modeled in terms of hemodynamics

“…When very little change in these parameters was observed, averaged data was taken for 60 s. Peristaltic flow is inherently unsteady. However, there are studies in the literature that accept the data obtained from the peristaltic pump as average values 49–53 . CFD analyses were performed considering these studies.…”

“…However, there are studies in the literature that accept the data obtained from the peristaltic pump as average values. [49][50][51][52][53] CFD analyses were performed considering these studies. The boundary conditions are not time dependent, but the iterations were solved time dependent and the "number of time steps" and "time step size (s)" values were adjusted to take one cardiac cycle as reference.…”

Recent advances in computational methods for cardiovascular and musculoskeletal biomechanics and biomedicine

“…In this special issue, we collect some recent works in this field.The papers in the special issue address a wide range of problems spanning the diagnosis or treatment of vascular diseases, optimization of artificial heart valves, and evaluation of orthokeratology lens therapy. Among the eight papers focused on biomechanical problems, two papers are devoted to improving the modeling methods for predicting coronary fractional flow reserve based on medical images 1,2 ; two papers investigate the influences of vascular anatomy, operative method, or device selection on the risk of complications following interventional treatments of aortic arch aneurysms or abdominal aortic aneurysms 3,4 ; two papers address hemodynamic changes induced by the interventional treatment or drug therapy of venous diseases 5,6 ; one paper is dedicated to optimizing the fatigue performance of polymeric heart valve 7 ; and one paper explores the biomechanical responses of cornea to orthokeratology lens therapy. 8 In addition, there is one paper dealing with medical image processing where a new algorithm is proposed to segment pelvic bone tumors based on multimodal images.…”