Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of implosion, ignition and burn of heavy-ion-beam reactor-size ICF targets

Tahir, N. A.; Long, K.A.

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/23/7/004

Cited by 96 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Currently the scientific community shows great interest in warm dense matter phenomena, which are studied with intense laser and particle beams. Most of this work does address basic physics issues of matter under extreme conditions Ni, et al, 2008;Piriz et al, 2002Piriz et al, , 2003aPiriz et al, , 2003bPiriz et al, , 2005Piriz et al, , 2006Piriz et al, , 2008Tahir et al, 1999Tahir et al, , 2000aTahir et al, , 2000bTahir et al, , 2001aTahir et al, , 2001bTahir et al, , 2003Tahir et al, , 2004Tahir et al, , 2005bTahir et al, , 2005cTahir et al, , 2006Tahir et al, , 2007aTahir et al, , 2007bTahir et al, , 2008bTahir et al, , 2009aTahir et al, , 2009bTemporal et al, 2003Temporal et al, , 2005 or is related to inertial fusion physics (Bangerter et al, 1982;Deutsch, 1986;Logan et al, 2008;Long & Tahir, 1982, 1986, 1987Piriz & Wouchuk, 1992;Tahir & Long, 1982, 1983, 1984. …”

Section: Hydrodynamic Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of full impact of the Large Hadron Collider beam with a solid graphite target

et al. 2009

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will operate with 7 TeV/c protons with a luminosity of 10 34 cm 22 s 21 . This requires two beams, each with 2808 bunches. The nominal intensity per bunch is 1.15 Â 10 11 protons and the total energy stored in each beam is 362 MJ. In previous papers, the mechanisms causing equipment damage in case of a failure of the machine protection system was discussed, assuming that the entire beam is deflected onto a copper target. Another failure scenario is the deflection of beam, or part of it, into carbon material. Carbon collimators and beam absorbers are installed in many locations around the LHC close to the beam, since carbon is the material that is most suitable to absorb the beam energy without being damaged. In case of a failure, it is very likely that such absorbers are hit first, for example, when the beam is accidentally deflected. Some type of failures needs to be anticipated, such as accidental firing of injection and extraction kicker magnets leading to a wrong deflection of a few bunches. Protection of LHC equipment relies on the capture of wrongly deflected bunches with beam absorbers that are positioned close to the beam. For maximum robustness, the absorbers jaws are made out of carbon materials. It has been demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that carbon survives the impact of a few bunches expected for such failures. However, beam absorbers are not designed for major failures in the protection system, such as the beam dump kicker deflecting the entire beam by a wrong angle. Since beam absorbers are closest to the beam, it is likely that they are hit first in any case of accidental beam loss. In the present paper we present numerical simulations using carbon as target material in order to estimate the damage caused to carbon absorbers in case of major beam impact.

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Section: Hydrodynamic Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of full impact of the Large Hadron Collider beam with a solid graphite target

et al. 2009

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“…The thickness of the radiation shield is fixed by the distance which a radiation Marshak Wave [9,10,12,13] can travel during the implosion time. The thickness of the radiation shield should be minimized in order to improve energy fuel coupling efficiency [3]. At the same time the radiation shield should not be made too thin to withstand Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities.…”

Section: Target Design Philosophy and Hiball-ii Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously [1][2][3] we designed for the heavy ionbeam driven reactor study, HIBALL-I 1-4] a single shell, multi-layered target with a hollow shell of 4rag DT fuel. The fuel shell is surrounded by a pusher made of lithium seeded with lead which is followed by a lead tamper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compression, ignition and burn of the HIB-ALL-I target has been thoroughly analyzed [1][2][3][4]6]. A parameter study of the target gain as a function of input pulse parameters has also been done and reported upon [3]. This work was carried out in order to study the sensitivity of the implosion scenario, ignition profiles and the burn conditions in the target to variations in the input power, pulse shape and ion range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of compression and burn of ion-beam inertial fusion targets including radiation transport

Tahir¹,

Long²

1986

Z. Physik A - Atomic Nuclei

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This paper presents implosion results of a new ion-beam inertial fusion target which has been designed for use in a reactor study, HIBALL-II. This target has been simulated using an updated version of the MEDUSA-KA code which includes radiation transport. The target contains 4 mg of DT fuel which is protected against radiative preheat by a high-Z, high-p lead radiation shield. The radiation shield is separated fl'om the fuel by a reasonable thickness of lithium to improve the hydrodynamic stability. The target is driven by 10 GeV Bi § ions and the peak power in the pulse is 500TW. The total input energy is ~4.38 MJ and the gain is ~ 152.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, the high beam intensity ͑of the order of 10 15 particles per bunch͒ and the short bunch length ͑of the order of 10 ns͒ required to implode a reactor-size capsule, are far beyond the reach of the present day technology. It may be helpful to appreciate this problem by noting that the highest beam intensity of uranium ions that will be available at the future Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research at Darmstadt, 14 which is a very extensive international accelerator project, will be 5 ϫ 10 11 while the bunch length will be 50-100 ns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of warm dense matter and strongly coupled plasmas using the High Radiation on Materials facility at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

et al. 2009

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A dedicated facility named High Radiation on Materials ͑HiRadMat͒ is being constructed at CERN to study the interaction of the 450 GeV protons generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron ͑SPS͒ with fixed solid targets of different materials. The main purpose of these future experiments is to study the generation and propagation of thermal shock waves in the target in order to assess the damage caused to the equipment, including collimators and absorbers, in case of an accident involving an uncontrolled release of the entire beam at a given point. Detailed numerical simulations of the beam-target interaction of several cases of interest have been carried out. In this paper we present simulations of the thermodynamic and the hydrodynamic response of a solid tungsten cylindrical target that is facially irradiated with the SPS beam with nominal parameters. These calculations have been carried out in two steps. First, the energy loss of the protons is calculated in the solid target using the FLUKA Nucl. Sci. Eng. 123, 169 ͑1996͔͒, which is based on a Godunov-type numerical scheme. The transverse intensity distribution in the beam focal spot is Gaussian. We consider three different sizes of the focal spot that are characterized by standard deviations, = 0.088, 0.28, and 0.88 mm, respectively. This study has shown that the target is severely damaged in all the three cases and the material in the beam-heated region is transformed into warm dense matter including a strongly coupled plasma state. This new experimental facility can therefore also be used for dedicated experiments to study high energy density matter.

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Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of implosion, ignition and burn of heavy-ion-beam reactor-size ICF targets

Cited by 96 publications

References 16 publications

Simulations of full impact of the Large Hadron Collider beam with a solid graphite target

Simulations of full impact of the Large Hadron Collider beam with a solid graphite target

Analysis of compression and burn of ion-beam inertial fusion targets including radiation transport

Generation of warm dense matter and strongly coupled plasmas using the High Radiation on Materials facility at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

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