“…In the finite-element simulations, the sheet-metal that is pulled through the drawbead during drawing must be modeled by very small elements to reflect the effect of the bending deformation of the sheet metal around the drawbead, resulting in a large amount of computation time. In order to cope with this dilemma, an equivalent drawbead model, which will be discussed later in this paper, was developed [4] to replace the full-scale physical modeling of the drawbead in the finite-element simulations. With the equivalent drawbead model used, reasonably large elements for the sheet metal passing through the drawbead can be assigned and in consequence, a huge saving of computation time can be achieved.…”