Numerical Simulation of Blast Furnace Raceway Depth and Height, and Effect of Wall Cohesive Matter on Gas and Coke Particle Flows

Umekage, Toshihiko; Yuu, Shinichi; Kadowaki, Masatomo

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.45.1416

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Namely, they assembled a three-dimensional CCDM considering interaction of solid and gas phases. [31][32][33] The low porosity region which represents gas flow resistance was set at position of cohesive zone. The locations of coke particles near raceway are shown in Fig.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Future Perspective on Mathematical Modeling of Blast Furnace

Ueda¹,

Natsui²,

Nogami³

et al. 2010

ISIJ Int.

149

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Currently low reducing agent operation of blast furnace has been actively pursued in ironmaking due to the global warming. The precise and reliable control of blast furnace aiming at the low reducing operation is required to attain smoothly the stable operation. It is considered that the mathematical model on the ironmaking process can play an important role to ensure the stable blast furnace operation. A mathematical model is a powerful tool to improve conventional processes and to design new processes in ironmaking. These tendencies and requirements are common to every country. Thus, the development of advanced mathematical models of blast furnace like DEM (Discrete Element Method) has attracted a special attention in ironmaking field. Moreover, the combined model of DEM with the continuum model is under development for the purpose of the accurate understanding of inner state of blast furnace. In this paper, the recent activity and progress on the development of advanced mathematical model of blast furnace and future perspective for desirable model are described.KEY WORDS: ironmaking; blast furnace; mathematical model; discrete element method; solid flow; particle method; contiuum model. Review Fig. 1. Transition of blast furnace operating condition in Japan.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Future Perspective on Mathematical Modeling of Blast Furnace

Ueda¹,

Natsui²,

Nogami³

et al. 2010

ISIJ Int.

149

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“…23) Deficiencies in these studies are inherited in mathematical modelling, including, for example, the ignorance of the static holdup, the use of a relatively simple packing structure, and different interaction force equations. In order to overcome these deficiencies, various experimen-tal 24,40,[100][101][102][103][104] and numerical 21,38,[40][41][42]96,[105][106][107][108][109] efforts have been made by various investigators in recent years.…”

Section: Gas-powder Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first treatment, inter-particle interaction and influence of powder phase on conveying fluid are ignored so that the ISIJ International, Vol. 47 (2007) ...... (5) The second treatment is based on the combination of a hard sphere model and direct simulation using the Monte Carlo method, 21,106) in which the field of real particles is represented by a field of sampled particles so that the computational time is reduced significantly. This differs from the above discrete element approach in that collisions between sampled particles are determined by the collision probability which needs to be determined a priori.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

et al. 2007

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An ironmaking blast furnace is a complex multiphase flow reactor involving gas, powder, liquid and solid phases. Understanding the flow behaviour of these phases is of paramount importance to the control and optimization of the process. Mathematical modelling, often coupled with physical modelling, plays an important role in this development. Yagi 1) gave a comprehensive review of the early studies in this area in 1993. Significant progress has since been made, partially driven by the needs in research but mainly as a result of the rapid development of computer and computational technologies. This paper reviews these developments, covering the formulation, validation and application of mathematical models for gas-solid, gas-liquid, gas-powder and multiphase flows. The need for further developments is also discussed.KEY WORDS: ironmaking; blast furnace; multiphase flow; two fluid model; discrete element method. Review development. Mathematical ModellingGenerally speaking, the existing approaches to modelling the multiphase flow in a BF can be classified into two categories: continuum approach at a macroscopic level and discrete approach at a microscopic level. In the continuum approach, phases are generally considered as fully interpenetrating continuum media and described by separate conservation equations with appropriate constitutive relations and interaction terms representing the coupling between phases. The general governing equations are based on the so-called two fluid model (TFM), originally developed for gas-particle flow, [29][30][31] given by:Conservation The so-called Model A and Model B result from the treatment of the fluid pressure. For example, for gas-solid flow, Model A assumes the pressure is shared between the two phases, while in Model B, the pressure is attributed to gas phase only. 31) Model A formulation has been widely used in multiphase modelling, especially in process metallurgy. Model B formulation was recently used in the so called combined continuum and discrete method for coupled flow of continuum fluid and discrete particles. 32) The continuum approach is suitable for process modelling and applied research because of its computational convenience and efficiency. Indeed, most of the BF modelling is based on this approach. However, its effective use heavily depends on constitutive or closure relations and the momentum exchange between phases. For Newtonian fluids (gas and liquid here), these relations can be readily determined. For non-Newtonian fluids such as solids and powder, general theories are not yet available. In the past, various theories have been devised for different flow regimes (three flow regimes have been identified: quasi-static regime, rapid flow regime and a transitional regime that lies inbetween). For example, models have been proposed to derive the constitutive equations for the rate-independent deformation of granular materials based on either the plasticity theory or the double shearing theory; the rapid flow of granular materials has been described by extend...

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“…The application of DPS to BF has been made by some researchers on various aspects, including burden distribution at the top, [18][19][20][21] gas-solid flow in BF shaft [22][23][24][25][26] and raceway, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and solid behaviour in the hearth. those studies are mainly focused on a particular region, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…raceway or hearth, in a BF under simplified conditions. Some studies [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] use a combined approach of DPS and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) to investigate the influence of gas phase on solid flow in a BF, mainly focused on the raceway where gas-solid interaction is strong. The success, although largely limited to academic investigation, prompts larger scale, more detailed analysis of solid flow in a BF by the discrete approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Transient Multiphase Flow in an Ironmaking Blast Furnace

Zhou

Zhu

et al. 2010

ISIJ Int.

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Discrete particle simulation (DPS) has been applied to multiphase flow modelling in an ironmaking blast furnace (BF), including burden distribution at the top, gas-solid flow in the BF shaft and raceway, and liquid-solid flow in the hearth. In this work, the approach is further extended to take into account the transient features of gas and particle flow coupled with liquid tapping operation. In the simulation, two types of particles of coke and ore with different physical properties are considered, together with different shapes of the cohesive zone and the shrinkage of size of ore particles in the cohesive zone to present ore reduction. The simulated results show that the flow of both solid and gas phases varies spatially and temporally, particularly in the cohesive zone. Gas flow is strongly affected by the layered structure of ore and coke particles in the cohesive zone. A coke-free zone can form in the hearth, and the boundary profile between the coke-free zone and the coke bed depends on the amount of liquid accumulated in the hearth, gas and solid flow rates in the raceway, and coke consumption in different regions at the interface of liquid and the coke bed. The results show that the complicated transient multiphase-flow in a BF can be captured by the present approach which may be extended to account for heat transfer and chemical reaction in the future.KEY WORDS: multiphase flow; discrete particle simulation; computational fluid dynamics; blast furnace; cohesive zone. 515

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Numerical Simulation of Blast Furnace Raceway Depth and Height, and Effect of Wall Cohesive Matter on Gas and Coke Particle Flows

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Recent Progress and Future Perspective on Mathematical Modeling of Blast Furnace

Recent Progress and Future Perspective on Mathematical Modeling of Blast Furnace

Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

Numerical Investigation of the Transient Multiphase Flow in an Ironmaking Blast Furnace

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